Friday, November 29, 2019

7 Simple Strategies for Teaching Math to Kids

7 Simple Strategies for Teaching Math to Kids Teaching math to your children is as easy as 112. Go beyond pencil and paper to make math a learning experience thats fun for you and your kids. These quick and easy strategies help you teach your kids math and will turn them into mini mathematicians. Start With Counting Teaching math begins with your child knowing numbers. You can help them learn to count with the same strategies youll be using to teach them math. Children may respond better to memorizing numbers you repeat or may pick up numbers by seeing you count objects from one to ten. A method that may work for one of your children might not be right for another. Gauge each child individually. Once your child begins counting, youre ready to start with some basic math principles. Theyll be adding and subtracting before you know it. Use Everyday Objects You already have everything you need to begin teaching math to your child. Buttons, pennies, money, books, fruit, soup cans, trees, cars - you can count the objects you have available. Math is easy to teach when you look at all of the physical objects you can count, add, subtract, and multiply. Everyday objects also help you teach your child that objects dont have to be identical to be important in math. Counting apples is a great math lesson, but counting apples, oranges, and watermelons together expands the thought process. The child is connecting counting with various objects, instead of running through a routine numbers game of 1, 2, 3. Play Math Games There are plenty of games on the market that promise to aid you in teaching math. Hi Ho Cherry-O and adding dice teach simple addition. The game Chutes and Ladders introduces children to the numbers 1 to 100. Advanced math board games come and go, so check stores for todays hot games. Classics like Yahtzee, PayDay, Life, and Monopoly are always good resources for addition and subtraction. Some of the best math games come from your own imagination. Play a math scavenger hunt. Use chalk to scribble numbers on the driveway and quiz your kids with math questions they have to answer by running to the correct number. Begin basic counting skills with blocks. Math can become an activity they enjoy rather than an educational drill. Bake Cookies Soft cookies make excellent teaching tools. While you can count the cookies you bake for simple math, a fresh batch is also perfect for teaching fractions. With a plastic knife, kids can learn how to cut a cookie into eighths, fourths, and halves. The act of visually seeing a fourth created as well as them getting to cut that whole into fourths makes an impression in a childs mind. Use those small cookie pieces to teach your child how to add and subtract fractions. For example, 1/4 of a cookie 1/4 of a cookie 1/2 of a cookie. Put the pieces together so they can see the cookie half. An alternative to baking cookies is to use raw cookie dough or make your own play-dough. Of course, you cant eat your fractions when youre finished learning math, but you can reuse the cookie dough or molding clay. Invest in an Abacus Even the smallest hands love sliding abacus beads back and forth along the wire. An abacus can be used to teach kids addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. With an abacus, kids develop problem-solving skills. Theres a logic behind using an abacus, so be sure you know what group of numbers each colored bead represents to accurately use it. Test Flash Cards Flashcards can show you what 22 equals, but letting kids get hands-on experience with counting may work better. Evaluate your childs learning preferences by trying both flashcards and hands-on experience. Some children learn better by seeing the answer on a card or counting pictures on a card. Others wont truly get the concept of math until you let them count physical objects. Mix up your math lessons to see which method seems to be working best for your child. Make Math a Daily Activity Use math in your day-to-day routine. Help your child get the most out of your math lessons when you incorporate it into your daily life while setting goals they can achieve. At a red light, how many blue cars do you see?At the grocery store, how many boxes of crackers could we buy if we only have $10?At the doctors office, how many kids will be left in the waiting room when three are called to the back?If we only ate 1/4 of our lunch, how much would we have left?How much will diapers cost if theyre 25 percent off?On the freeway, how much do the numbers on the license plate in front of us add up to?How many shirts are you putting into the washing machine?If you need to divide eight quarters among four people at the arcade, how many quarters would each person get? Once you show your child how much fun math can be, they will gain enthusiasm about learning that you can apply to other subjects. Once children enjoy learning, theres no stopping them.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Definition and Examples of Clitics in English Grammar

Definition and Examples of Clitics in English Grammar In English  morphology and phonology, a clitic is a  word or part of a word that is structurally dependent on a neighboring word (its host) and cannot stand on its own. A clitic is said to be phonologically bound, which means that its pronounced, with very little emphasis, as if it were affixed to an adjacent word.   Clitics are usually weak forms of functional elements such as auxiliaries, determiners, particles, and pronouns. Examples and Observations of Clitics Certain tensed forms of auxiliary verbs have, in addition to their weak forms, clitic versions, which merge phonologically with an adjacent word, their host. Thus, weve is pronounced like weave, and hell like heel, while Im rhymes with time, and so on. . .The clitic forms of am, have, and will consist of a single consonant: /m, v, l/. In the case of are, it is not possible to give a satisfactory representation for the clitic itself, as the host clitic combination may not be phonologically divisible into two corresponding parts. For example, theyre in BrE is usually homophonous with locative there.(Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum, The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge University Press, 2002) Clitics s and ve One interesting property of clitics that differentiates them from other affixes is that while an affix will be limited to attaching to a stem that is a particular type of lexical category, such as a verb,  a clitic is  not so limited. It can attach to entire phrases or even words with other clitics. Consider the English possessive clitic s and verbal clitic ve  in the following examples (which indicate things that can be said, even if they wouldnt necessarily be captured this way in orthography):- The students assignment- The student of psychologys assignment- The student that we inviteds assignment- The student dressed in reds assignment- The student who went outs assignment- The mens assignments have been done, but the womensve not.(Dani Byrd and Toben H. Mintz,  Discovering Speech, Words, and Mind. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010) Proclitics and Enclitics There are . . . instances where two words are combined without forming a compound in the usual sense. The negative word not and a relatively small number of frequently occurring words (mostly verbs) can be contracted and attached to other words. Usually, they are attached at the end as enclitics: shes (she is or she has), dont (do not). Occasionally they are proclitics: dyou (do you), tis (it is). The combination of both types of clitics appears in tisnt. Although they are not isolated orthographically or in other respects, we can regard these clitics as reduced forms of words.(Sidney Greenbaum, The Oxford English Grammar. Oxford University. Press, 1996) Clitics and Affixes The distinction between clitics and affixes is naturally fluid: e.g. English -nt in havent or arent is a clitic by some criteria but has been claimed as an affix by others. So too is the boundary between clitics and full words: e.g. unstressed to is a clitic, by some relevant criteria, in I have to [haftÉ™] go.(P.H. Matthews, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford University Press, 1997) Controversies With Clitics In  phonology, the prosodic structure of clitics is much debated. Mostly, clitics are prosodically deficient in that they fail to meet prosodic minimality conditions. For instance, unlike prosodic words, clitics need not consist of a full vowel. Moreover, clitics often exhibit different phonological behaviour from other categories... From a morphological point of view, it is questionable whether a distinct morphological category of clitics is linguistically desirable beyond a purely descriptive means. In recent analyses, it has been proposed to accommodate clitics in one of the categories word or affix. The syntactic status of clitics is no less controversial. As for pronominal clitics, one of the main problems is whether they are arguments as proposed by Kayne (1975) and many others, or whether they are functional heads as proposed by, e.g., Sportiche (1996). (Birgit Gerlach and Janet Grijzenhout, Introduction. Clitics in Phonology, Morphology and Syntax. John Benjamins, 2000) EtymologyFrom the Greek, leaning

Friday, November 22, 2019

Absorb well all themes and only after that choose a title and start Term Paper

Absorb well all themes and only after that choose a title and start writing the - Term Paper Example This paper will look at trade components while discussing trade measures and commodities, tariff and non-tariff barriers, export taxes, quantitative measures, subsidies, consumption taxes, the impact of trade measures on supply and demand and prices, obstacles to reform of agricultural trade through WTO and raw materials. New trade measures have been documented, influencing almost 0.9% of universe imports and 1.1% of G-20 commodities imports from 2011 in the middle of October. The foremost trade measures include customs controls, trade remedy actions, import licenses, and tariff enhancements. There have been less new export measures introduced over the past months than in prior times. The most current upsurge of trade measure seems to attempt to inspire recovery via national industrial scheduling instead of dealing with the short-term impacts of the world crisis, which is a long-standing issue. In addition, the amassing of trade measures has to be deliberated where the distortions and stock of trade measures that persisted prior to the global financial turmoil are still in existence (Shah 1). Finally, trade measures have both negative and positive effects on commodities. Tariffs refer to taxes imposed on imports on products into a region or country. Tariffs enhance earnings to companies and dealers of resources to local companies that are competing with external importers and supply income for the governments. Tariff barriers refer to taxes enforced on commodities which adequately create an impediment to trade; nonetheless, this is not the ultimate responsibility of enforcing tariffs. Tariff barriers are also referred to as import restraints. This is because they reduce the quantity of commodities which can be brought into a region or country. In addition, non-tariff barriers are an alternative means for a country or region to regulate the amount of trading activities that it does with a

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Term Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Term Paper - Essay Example Leinberger in his book explains the emerging trend of the established system among Americans, who prefer to create a stable community t based on the adaptations that they have created in the design of the urban system. The Option for Urbanism had been written to highlight the provisions derived from the created system with challenges and opportunities explained for the system. Societal individuals prefer easier measures that develop their physical and emotional conditions positively towards the challenges faced. The explanation is also accorded of the system that has been developed by the government over the recent times towards what had been termed as drivable suburb. With the emphasis placed on reviving the economy and generation of profit, the advancement in the communal policies has declined with developed health hazards and environmental degradation. Leinberger’s book has been written to highlight both advancements and challenges of the witnessed system according the need ed options to regulate the system. Through careful analysis of The Option of Urbanism, the lesson is developed of the provisions needed in generating a successful and sustainable society. The aspect under consideration in Leinberger’s book has been the societal setting within the urban setting. He explains that the trend established had been charged with setting the lifestyle that favored development of the existing resources. Humanity within the urban centers had preferred to attain venues that could be applied in the completion of multiple tasks. Not only had satisfaction been the solution derived from the system, but the challenges had also incorporated the influences on the environment. The variable economic sectors created within the society had been created on the motive to develop the economy. However, the consequences for the creation of the system that sustained the individuals had been created at a dire cost of lowering the health status. The harmful effects that ha d been noticed from the system had been degraded living condition and the environmental threat of carbon gases emission. The differentiated sectors like financial and the real estate community had to be developed following an established pattern to accord a productive venture (Leinberger, 2008). The sustainability of the system had been varied on the financial, social and environmental sector. Leinberger (2008) explained that these systems had been the vital provision to generate the desired measures that created peaceful and healthy relations within the society. The urban system had been based on the development attributes that considered the measures needed to obtain success. Without the regulation of the system created that provided for development structures similar within the entire sixty years of development, the challenge witnessed would be in accommodating the increasing number of individuals. There should be the balance of these entities to establish satisfaction within the member of the society and develop a system that would be flexible to the witnessed changes. The creation and development of the structures within the urban centers should be advanced into the system that considers human mobility as compared to other facilities within the system. The spaces designed within the system had be

Monday, November 18, 2019

Albert Chinalmg Achebe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Albert Chinalmg Achebe - Essay Example Born in 1930 in Ogidi, Nigeria, this 78 year old writer is widely known for his work, 'Things fall Apart', the first novel he wrote way back in 1958. This novel is in fact considered an unsentimental novel, depicting the life and ambitions of Okonkwo, a powerful leader of the Igbo community. Chinua Achebe too comes from this very community, therefore in a way he wrote about what he experienced and felt during the childhood and youth days. The main character of 'Things fall Apart, Mr. Okonkwo is the 'big man' of a traditional village, but the manner in which this man started moving towards fulfilling his ambitions led to prosecution and punishment for him. He was signalled out and targeted for fighting against colonialism. The western effect on values and institutions of traditional Africa, led to isolation of Okonkwo. Such incidents coupled with his approach towards circumstances led to his bad days and ultimately to his downfall. 'Things Fall Apart' narrated the adverse impacts of t he influence of western world on the traditional Ibo African society. Without glamorising his community i.e. the Ibo society, Achebe described how 'things' started 'falling apart' after the Europeans set foot on the African land2. The title of the book, 'Things fall Apart' has been taken from William Butler Yates's The Second Coming - 'Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold'.3 This novel proved to be hugely popular and subsequently translated into some 50 languages. About 10 million copies of this book have been sold around the world. In fact this book also formed the basis of a film 'Bullfrog in the Sun' directed by Hans Jrgen Pohland in 1972. While trying his hand at novels in 1958, Achebe is stated to have said, 'I was quite certain that I was going to try my hand at writing, and one of the things that set me thinking was Joyce Cary's novel set in Nigeria, Mister Johnson, which was praised so much, and it was clear to me that this was a most superficial picture.and so I thought if this was famous, then someone perhaps ought to try and look at this from the inside' (Gikandi, 1996). Chinua Achebe never looked back thereafter and came out with many popular novels with subjects ranging from satire on corruption to the plight of people in the ethnic violence and civil war. Some of the notable works of Chinua Achebe include Arrow of God (1964), A Man of the People (1966), Beware, Soul Brother (1971), Christmas in Biafra and Other Poems (1973), Anthills of the Savanna (1987) etc. Achebe started his working days from the Nigerian Broadcasting Co. in Lagos in 1954. He also studied broadcasting from the British Broadcasting Corp. in London, but destiny had something else in store for him and instead of becoming a broadcaster, he went on to become a successful writer. Presently teaching his students as a professor at Bard College, New York, Achebe has also travelled around the world for delivering lectures on subjects dear to his heart, at different universities. He became the Editor of Okike, a reputed and most influential African literary magazine in 1971, and he continued to edit it after having accepted the post of Professor of English at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst in 1971. Married with four children, Achebe met with a serious car accident in the year 1990, and subsequently the lower part of his body was paralyzed. But the manner in which

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Anaesthetic care

Anaesthetic care In the following text I the author will provide an account of the anaesthetic care given to a paediatric patient in my care during a surgical procedure to repair her cleft palate. I will discuss the rationale behind the chosen anaesthetic technique and will analyse why the method was identified as the most suitable backing the findings up with related literature. The text will explore the care given to the patient and the preparation needed to ensure a safe procedure starting from the pre-assessment visit right to the anaesthetic room looking at the roles of some of the multi disciplinary team members involved in the childs care. An episode of care for any individual patient is a complex series of interactions that make up the process of care. The recipient of this anaesthetic care is an 8-month-old female, who, as patient confidentiality forbids the use of her real name (NMC 2002a) shall be known as Eve. Eve was born at 41 weeks gestation, during a routine prenatal scan at 23 weeks gestation an abnormality of her facial structure was noted, her parents were informed of this and counselling and advice was offered. The extent of the abnormality was not seen until Eve was born. She was born with a unilateral cleft lip and palate, which is were there is a single cleft of the lip, and the hard, and soft palate are also divided (Shprintzen and Bardach 1995) but was otherwise fit and well. In accordance to Watson et al 2001 clefts of the lip and palate may be isolated deformities or may be a part of a syndrome. Eve has not been diagnosed with a syndrome there for this is an isolated deformity. Watson (2001) suggests that non-syndromic clefts are multi-factorial in origin and could occur due to gene involvement, various environmental factors or embryo development in relation the mothers life choices during pregnancy i.e. excessive alcohol, drug abuse etc. Eve had previously undergone the first stage of the surgery, which was a repair to her cleft lip. This is done between the ages of two and four months within our trust. This is mainly due to cosmetic reasons but also to encourage oral feeding and sucking and to encourage the tissues to grow at the same rate as the childs facial structure (Watson Et al, 2001). Eve was admitted to hospital the day prior to her surgery. Eves mother had requested this rather than attending pre-admission clinic as she had problems with transportation to the hospital. This highlights good communication (Department of Health, 2003) between the nursing staff and Eves mother, which is of benefit to both the child and the familys needs (Clayton, 2000). The Department of Health (1989) states that the welfare of the child is paramount, however Smith and Daughtrey (2000) believe that it is also important to ensure that parental needs are also met. Wong (1999), states that good family centred care is considerate of all family members needs and not only the needs of the child. The initial assessment of Eve involved her primary nurse, Eve and her mother Joanne. The cleft palate pathway was used as assessment aid and highlighted any needs that Eve and her family had. The anaesthetist (Dr A) then examined Eve and was able to explain the procedure to Eves mother. This meeting with Dr A provided Eves mother with both verbal and written information therefore equipping the family with knowledge and support (Summerton, 1998). During Dr As visit she was able to assess Eves physical and mental condition ensuring that it would be safe to administer a general anaesthetic. During this assessment Dr A was able to request that routine blood samples were taken including cross match in case Eve should need a blood transfusion due to high blood loss during the procedure. She was able to read the operation notes from Eves previous visit making notes of the ET tube size used, the analgesia given, there amounts and if they had the given effects on Eves pain relief and do an assessment of Eves airway. Dr A was aware that Eve would have a difficult airway due to her cleft palate and the fact that her mother reports of her snoring whilst asleep, however she is also aware that assessment of this can be difficult due to Eve being uncooperative or asleep and that most tests used in adult practice including the mallampati scoring system are not validated for use in the paediatric population and are not really useful in the y ounger child (Sumner and Hatch, 1999). She was able to discuss the proposed anaesthetic and pain relief techniques and pre warn eves mother about the monitoring that she may see being used on eve in both the anaesthetic and recovery rooms. Dr A also discussed the use of premeditation such as madazalam with Joanne, it was decided that Eve would not have this as rendering her semi or fully unconscious with a respiratory depressant drug can become hazardous due to Eves cleft palate as her tongue may fall backwards and obstruct her already compromised airway (Sasada, M and Smith, S.2003). All information obtained during the pre assessment by Dr A should and was relayed to the operation department practioner (ODP) who was working alongside her during the case, ensuring that all equipment needed was readily available as and when needed. As Morton (1997) states the motto â€Å"Be Prepared† is a very important principle in anaesthesia. If things were to go wrong during the anaesthesia, intervention must be immediate to avoid harm to the patient; therefore preparation and the checking of equipment and drugs are vital. At the start of each case careful attention to detail is required when setting up the work area. The anaesthetic machine both in the anaesthetic room and in side theatre must be checked in accordance with The Association of Anaesthetists guidelines (Appendix 1) and the manufactures guidelines, and all equipment required must be gathered. There seems to be no set guidelines stating the exact equipment needed so the anaesthetist and the ODP must work together and decide for themselves what they need. â€Å"The success of a paediatric procedure depends not only on the skill and knowledge of the anaesthetist, but also on the possession and utilisation of the proper equipment† (Bell.1991.pg81) Bell (1991) offers the Pre-Anaesthesia Checklist: SCOMLADI that may help towards the selection of equipment: SCOMLADI is a mnemonic for Suction Circuit Oxygen Monitors Laryngoscope handle and blades Airway oral, nasal, ETT, +/- LMA Drugs: Intravenous drips (Bell, 1991.) In Eves case the pieces of equipment that were made available were: Suction, this can be a vital piece of equipment during anaesthesia. This is due to the fact that it can remove gubbings that may cause airway obstruction quickly ensuring the safety of the unconscious patient, although great care must be taken when using suction on an oral wound to ensure no further damage or trauma to the repaired area (Stoddart and Lauder, 2004) Circuit, the Jackson Rees modification of the Ayres t-piece is the main choice as it was designing for paediatric use and it is said to decrease the resistance to breathing by eliminating valves and decreases the amount of dead space in the circuit. Oxygen, this is readily available on the anaesthetic machine. The oxygen is delivered to the machine via a pipeline from the hospital stores. There must also be a full cylinder on the machine for use in case of a malfunction of the pipeline supply. This must be checked during the machine check. Monitors and monitoring aids. Some of the important aids are: Pulse oximeter, this gives a continuous reading of the oxygen saturation in the blood via a fingertip sensor. Although extremely reliable the probes may not pick up a good trace if the patient is cold of has a poor peripheral perfusion. ECG, This provides us with the information of the heart rate and rhythm. This is a valuable aid in detecting bradycardia and arrhythmias in paediatric patients. Blood pressure (bp), the most common way to measure Bp is by using a cuff this is known as non-invasive. Parameters are set on the monitoring console to enable the cuff to inflate and record the patients blood pressure at regular intervals. Arterial Bp can be measured via a cannula placed in an artery, which attaches to a transducer, this is known as invasive monitoring and can give continuous readings. In Eves case a cuff was used in accordance to Dr As wishes. Capnography This is attached to the breathing circuit and analyses the gas mixture. The monitor displays the concentration of oxygen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and volatile agents. This information is useful for assessing the adequacy in ventilation and the depth of anaesthesia. The presence of carbon dioxide on the reading confirms that the ET tube is in the right place (Morton, 1997). Temperature Infants lose heat very quickly and there ability to maintain their own temperature is blocked by the anaesthetic (Kumar, 1998). A naso/oesophageal probe is placed in Eves nostril instead of her mouth, as that is where the surgery is taking place. There is other methods of monitoring available such as blood gases, central venous pressure, neuro muscular transmission etc but in Eves case these would only be used if Dr A requested them. Laryngoscope and blade, the different choices of blades are due to the variation in the anatomy found in small infants and children, this is due to the fact that a childs larynx lies higher and more interiorly in the neck and there epiglottis is longer and thinner than adults (Watson, 2001). The use of different size and shape blades is down to the anaesthetists personal choice Dr A prefers to use a lateral approach with a straight blade such as a Magill (Morton.1997). Dr A also likes to have a piece of rolled up gauze filling the cleft to ensure that the blade does not get caught in the deep cleft. The difficult intubations trolley is also essential this is because there is a large selection of different blades, handles, bougies and airways such as cut/uncut endotracheal tubes, guidell airways, laryngeal masks and face masks which are all available on hand. Airways, A selection of pre-formed south facing, uncut and reinforced endotracheal tubes. The size of which can be calculated by using a formula (age / 4 + 4.5 = estimated tube size) or by the childs weight (Morton, 1997). Eve should take a 4.0mm tube but it was noted on her last anaesthetic sheet that a 3.5mm tube was used with a gauze pack insitu due to her different anatomy. Drugs, There are many different types of anaesthetic drugs available such as Volatile induction agents (Gas), Intravenous induction agents, muscle relaxants, reversal agents, anti emetics, local anaesthesia and analgesics. All of which have the own pros and cons for using them. Dr A has chosen to use the volatile agent Sevoflurane in order to initially anaesthetise Eve this is due to the fact that Eves Venous access is poor due to her being a â€Å"podgy† baby. Sevoflurane is the least pungent and irritant of the volatiles and rivals many of the other inhalation induction agents for children. Eve was induced with oxygen, nitrous oxide and 8% sevoflurane, her airway was difficult to maintain due to her tongue being large in relation to her oral cavity which is normal in infants (Wong, 1999) therefore a size 1 guedel airway was used in order to keep the tongue from causing an obstruction. Anaesthesia was maintained with oxygen, nitrous oxide and isoflurane another of the volatil e agents also used within paediatrics with the feeling that this is mainly due to the low cost. Eve also had an infusion of the opioid remi-fentinal. Intra-Venous (IV), IV access was gained when an adequate depth of anaesthesia was reached and endoteacheal intubation was achieved. In total four IV lines were inserted, one to administer IV drugs such as anti emetics, anti biotics and IV pain relief etc. another for the IV infusion of Remi fentinal pain relief. Another for the maintenance fluids and the last on as a spare of to use if blood products are needed. Fluid therapy is important in both adults and children due to the fact that they have been nil by mouth for many hours before there procedure in accordance to hospital guidelines. IV fluids are given as maintenance to preserve hydration, to compensate fluid/electrolyte defects as a result of fasting and also to replace ongoing loss due to evaporation and surgical bleeding (Wong, 1999). As well as the preparation of the anaesthetic room the ODP must also ensure that all equipment needed inside theatre and during the procedure is available such as an operating table that is in good working order, a cleft palate mattress to ensure the correct positioning of Eve, a warming blanket to ensure temperature maintenance and a jelly mat to protect from pressure area sores (Kumar, 1998). It is also the ODPs responsibility along with Dr A to ensure that Eve is transferred in to theatre and on the to operating table safely, that all monitoring equipment is transferred to the inside machines and that all IV therapy equipment is connected before the surgeon preps and drapes the patient as this helps towards maintaining the sterile field around the patient. Throughout the surgery it is seen as best practice for the ODP to remain within close proximity to the patient and anaesthetist in case there is a problem (Kumar, 1998), one such problem noted in Eves case was that when the surgeon inserted the gag needed to keep Eves mouth open he unintentionally moved the position of the ET tube causing a drop in her O2 saturations. Dr A listened to Eves chest with a stethoscope whilst hand ventilating her, this enable her to reposition the ET tube back in to the correct position. Once back in the right place more tape was applied, and the tube was fastened in more securely. If Dr A was unable to just reposition the tube she would have had to remove the tube and reintubate Eve, this means that she would have needed a new Et tube the laryngoscope and blade, maybe a face mask in order to pre oxygenate before re intubation. This is the main reason why all intubation equipment used in the anaesthetic room must follow with the patient into theatre. Whilst in theatre a mechanical ventilator is use in order to ventilate Eve. The Newfield 200 is the vent used within this trust it works by intermittently occluding the expiratory limb of the t-piece and is able to compensate for any leaks around the tube. The ventilator can be adjusted in accordance to Dr As request meeting Eves needs by changing the pressures and times needed. Ventilation was once carried out purely by squeezing the bag by hand; leaving the anaesthetist with just one hand to do other important things such as administer medication or record information, meaning that the Newfield 200 is the preferred method of ventilation in recent times (Sumner and Hatch, 1999). Following the procedure Dr A stopped the infusion of Remi Fentinal and turned off the volatile gas this was to help with the waking up procedure and the safe extubation of Eve. Dr A also ensured that the pack inserted at the beginning was removed safely without causing trauma. Extubation should take place when the patient is fully conscious with there protective reflexes fully intact (Sumner and Hatch, 1999), this is even more important in Eves case due to the nature of her surgery as there could be excessive bleeding or oedema due to the trauma of the oral surgery causing more obstruction to her airway. Although suction should be available during extubation it is noted that large suction catheters such as a yanker should not be used and suction kept to a minimum this is to lower the risk of airway obstruction caused by trauma or by disruption of the surgical repair site. Eves was extubated safely and was transferred to the recovery room with out the need of ICU or HDU intervention. There she was given o2 and monitored by trained recovery staff until they were satisfied that she was able to maintain her own airway and o2 saturations, there was no or minimal blood loss from the wound site and she was pain free. Dr A had prescribed Eve with analgesics to be given back on the ward if needed, this was to ensure that she had a pain free recovery preventing her from getting upset and crying which can encourage the healing process of the wound and maintaining her patient airway. The process of Eves anaesthetic ran a smooth cause. She remained safe throughout the procedure. Great care and planning by both Dr A and the ODP ensured that all events that may have occurred were well prepared for.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

American Execptionlism on Country Music Essays -- US culture, histor

American Exceptionlism is basically the idea that we are different then other countries in the world. Which I believe is false because the U.S has these rules but there not really writing down rules there just like norms that American should have. There are certain attributes that a American should have there are things you should know as a American. Now what am I talking about it could be many things such as knowing who the president is in the big chair in D.C or having a huge truck that can drive up heels. Having the U.S flag out on Memorial Day. So many things can be things that make American. What I want to solely focus on is the idea that country music is what it is to be an American and accepted in the U.S. Now I know for myself I am not a big country music fan. I know the normal country music singers such as Kenny Chesney, Tim McGraw, Keith Urban, Rascal Flats and etc. Country music I believe is what makes an America America. Now back in the 19 century days being an American was being white and having property and being male. (Foner,) Now when you compare country music to that, most country singers are male and white. And to be a country singer it’s only right if you have large sums of land to own with a big house on it. It’s funny how these two ideas relate to each other in two different centuries. Being male and white can really get you ahead in society. Its idea that isn’t right but it’s the reality of our country. Country music sets the standards on what an American should be life. If you ever google country music the definition of it would say something like an American popular music in the south. (Definition) Key word in the definition AMERICAN and als o fiddles. Now all they had in the 1700’s was fiddles to play whe... ...c shouldn’t be seen as what America is like cause it’s not. The U.S is supposed to be the great American melting pot with diverse people and music and jobs and lives and homes and lifestyles. But no one is expressing this cause being different isn’t welcome and that it might be suspicious to other people because you are not doing what they’re doing. References Yahoo. (December 6, 2006). Country Music and Hip Hop: They're Not so Different After All. Retrieved from http://voices.yahoo.com/country-music-hip-hop-they-re-not-so-different- 127930.html?cat=33 D. (November 28, 2013). American Exceptionlism will fail the republic will fail and black men will succeed. Retrieved from http://hiphopandpolitics.com/2013/11/28/today-american- exceptionalism-will-fail-black-men-will-succeed/ Dictionary. Country music. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/country+music

Monday, November 11, 2019

A Streetcar Named Desire/as I Lay Dying Essay

This proves that the main characters of A Streetcar Named Desire and As I Lay Dying are very similar because they both experience tragedy and are affected by such. In the play A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams, one of the main characters, Blanch DuBois, is portrayed as the typical rich southern belle who fell down on her luck. The other characters, specifically her brother in-law, dislike her â€Å"hoity-toity† mannerisms and the fact that she has an aura of self-righteousness. After her past is revealed, the reader is aware of the reasons for her actions. Her pain lies behind the death of the one man she ever loved and the guilt that she feels for his suicide. This tragedy causes her to be more aware of her looks and it drives her insane to the point where the music from that night constantly plays in her head. She is now more perceptive but the other characters do not appreciate her actions. In the novel As I Lay Dying, by William Faulkner, one of the main characters, Darl Bundren, is also disliked because of his actions. Darl is the most perceptive of his southern family and he recognizes things that the others of his time would never understand. After the death of his mother Darl is broken especially since he knows that his mother did not love him as much as she loved his brother. Even though this was true Darl still loved his mother and set the barn on fire where she was in her casket. His family members saw this and were instantly appalled by it. Only Darl would see this as a way of cleansing the family after keeping her body for days post mortem. Both Darl and Blanche are looked down upon but no one truly understands the reasons for their ways. This causes a great repercussion that changes their lives forever. Even though Blanche is dealing with the suicide of her only love and her attempts to find love in all of the wrong places, she still notices when her brother-in-law is being abusive and when her sister should attempt to find a way out. As well as being perceptive, Darl is also a genius who notices things that others would not even if he did attempt to set his mother’s dead body on fire. The fact that these two are so misconstrued and later thrown into a mental asylum shows how similar they are. During this time period a mental asylum was the cure for everything but it was not what the two of them needed. They share a similar story in which a person who had to deal with problems on their own was immediately thrown into an â€Å"asylum† that really would not help them at all. Dealing with the death of a loved one, either a boyfriend or a parent is hard enough but having to deal with the pressures of a severe society makes the transition even harder. In conclusion Darl Bundren and Blanch DuBois were similar because they both did not have the opportunity to communicate their feelings to others in a healthy way. When society could not handle their dissimilarities they were immediately thrown to the wayside. This shows how during this time there was very little acceptance from the entire society of our nations. When looking at today’s society and the society of the early 20th century the differences are staggering. Darl and Blanch would have had the chance to lead a normal life only if they had lived today. It is hard to watch brilliant minds being thrown away.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

The Legal Background of Watered Stock

The Legal Background of Watered Stock Introduction Watered stock gets the assumption of stock with completely paid-up status. The stock remains fictitiously remunerated but centrally, the real status indicates per value as unpaid. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Legal Background of Watered Stock specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such stock is meant to represent the company’s worth because stating of the company’s shares indicates existence of utmost good faith from the investor as he/she issues resources for investments to the company’s treasury in the intension of achieving dividends, but the fact remains that the money is never paid to treasury. In a close link to Mitchell (3), watered stock purports to represent the company’s economical worth but fails due to lack of sustentative evidence over existence of the real value. According to Mitchell (2), the stock market became the core unit of the economy through emergence of the modernized corporations and the security markets. The stock markets now are a strong driving force of the economy. The birth of gigantic modernized firms, decades ago is an indication that the control has a long lifespan. At present, business transformation studies indicates that new companies are merging at an alarming rate and thus changing the financial, legal, social and economical status of firms. The big companies are thus in a position of controlling shares or stock by engaging huge manufactory and dumping into the markets. The firms are able to make huge profits from the financial and legally acceptable manipulations as opposed to the anticipated technological, managerial, marketing and distribution advancements. The big manufactures end up as stock speculators as opposed to the economically viable bond or shares buyers/sellers. The situation causes a scenario where instead of the finance dominating the manufactory industries, the wide spread stock ownership dominat es finance. Stock markets began as a tool to assist up-coming businesses, but today the empowered managers utilizes the stock markets as a precise tool for managing tasks within firms (Mitchell, 3). It is the drive behind investments, decision making, planning and operating that causes a great effect to the overall economic development. Watered markets transform manufactory business institutions from the producers and suppliers they ought to be, to profit focused institutions. Today the drive behind creation of business stock markets is no longer the production and real supply, but rather modern stock markets are the key factors most businesses are merging and focusing upon.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Mitchell (7), the development of watered stock market came about in various distinct stages for instance; the business mergers in the aim of enhanci ng direct production caused the watered stock. Business mergers were mainly as an injection of new investors into the market segments. Effects of the stock markets The fine understanding of watered stock presented to potential investors today, is the inequitable ownership of an entity such as a company because the worth of a venture at any given time is not equitable to the real investment and for that reason, most investors understand watered stock as security fraud. The security and exchange commission as an agency often regulates the securities and thus has the responsibility of protecting the investors. With he current trends the insecurity that lead to illegal or manipulative acts and fraudulent dealings world wide, the dealings patterns have widely changed the way investors view the protection and supervision accorded by the commission. Collapse of prominent companies causes the investors to be holders of the watered stock when the company closes its dealing and forces them to pay up for its value. The investors are keen and the trends seem to indicate the need to stay safe by purchasing only low per stock. The no par or low par stock prevents one from high liability of the stockownership, in cases of a collapse. Mitchell, Lawrence. The Speculation Economy: How Finance Triumphed Over Industry. San Francisco: Berrett – Koehler, 2007

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Trumans Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb Essays

Trumans Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb Essays Trumans Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb Essay Trumans Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb Essay Why did Truman use the atomic bomb against Japan? What did his decision say about priorities of American foreign policy? | Truman decision and reasons behind deployment of the atomic bomb| | Min Yong Jung| 11/2/2010| | Harry S. Truman, the 33rd President of the United States, deployed the atomic bomb on Japan to ensure the end of the Pacific War with minimal US casualties. Upon rejection of the Potsdam Declaration and calls for unconditional surrender by the Japanese, the US in direct retaliation deployed the atomic weapon ‘Little Boy’ on the city of Hiroshima in August 6, 1945 and continued by bombing Nagasaki with ‘Fat Man’ on August 9th. The Allies had concluded the European front by capturing Berlin and defeating the remainder of Axis forces in May 1945. The Pacific front however remained and was different from combat in Europe; the ferocity of the Japanese to defend their homeland resulted in a higher level of casualties suffered by the US. Truman â€Å"never had any doubts†¦ had felt no qualms, about the atomic bombings because they forced an end to the war and saved American lives. †Thus in an effort to conclude the Pacific War, Truman deployed the Atomic Bomb in order to end the war that entrenched US resources and manpower for over 5 years and as a simple bonus to increase the bargaining capability of the US against the Soviet Union. The decision to deploy the atomic weapon was largely due to the fact that it would save the lives of American troops. Woodrow Wilson had been hailed as the man who kept the US out of a bloody First World War. US foreign policy of limiting casualties from war by whatever means necessary still exists in US foreign policy today, as it had back when Truman decided to deploy the atomic bomb. It is hard to measure the number of casualties for a war or an invasion that never occurred and the Pacific War in particular because of the fact that the Japanese were so fervent to fight until the last man, woman and child. The Joint War Plans Committee concluded that â€Å"the two phases of the invasion of Japan would cost about 46,000 American deaths and another 174,000 wounded and missing. † It is important to keep in mind that the battle of Okinawa resulted in â€Å"American casualties of 12,000 killed and missing and another 60,000 wounded† and the battle for Iwo Jima, â€Å"6,821 killed and nearly 20,000 wounded. † Truman and his advisors strenuously argued that the direct consequence of the atomic bomb was the ultimate surrender of the Japanese government and this achieved both US primary goals to both shorten the war and save American lives. Truman and his advisors decided on a course of action to limit American casualties whilst the Japanese, despite all claims that they were ready to surrender, were showing a level of intensity and ferocity in battle that the US troops had not encountered before. Thus it was impossible, whatever the pre-estimated figures of US casualties, to invade the mainland of Japan when military leaders of Japan decided that the â€Å"only course left is for Japan’s one hundred million people to sacrifice their lives by charging the enemy to make them lose the will to fight. The military leaders of Japan argued that â€Å"all man, woman, child and elderly would be drafted to fight the US troops, not to defeat it out right in battle but to ensure that increasing US casualties would bring about a turn in public sentiment† towards the war and thus ensure better terms for the post war Japan. The Japanese were both considered by the American public and fighting men to be racially inferio r but at the same time considered to be super human in battle. It was clear that the Japanese were running out of supplies and the military means to engage in successful battle. Thus they employed measures such as the Kamikaze pilots â€Å"The kamikazes were in many cases not effective†¦ But all too frequently they successfully carried out their missions. † The Kamikaze in direct translations means divine wind and is similar to the banzai charges that the army employed. Both shared similarities in that they were suicidal and not always effective in expelling the enemy but such military strategy emphasized Japan’s unwillingness to surrender. Japan with its long standing history of the Bushido code, emphasized the need for loyalty from its subjects. The Bushido code and determination of the Japanese leadership ensured the fact that an invasion into the mainland of Japan would provide high number of casualties for US troops and additionally â€Å"more exposure to an enemy that did not fear death which would bring about more results like the Indianapolis† on July 29th 1945, where the delivery of a Japanese torpedo resulted in the ship losing â€Å"880 of its crew of 1,196. † Thus the deployment of the two atomic bombs were not only necessary in that they would ensure the safety of US troops but it would also provide a shock factor to both the people and government of Japan. Air raid sirens had been turned off in Hiroshima, due to the fact that there were only several planes in the air. If one bomb and one plane could neutralize a city, there was little for the Japanese to do in defense against such a destructive weapon. Proponents of the argument that Truman was immoral in using the atomic bomb, constantly argue that the Japanese were depleted in their will and ability to wage war and were actively seeking chances to ending the war by means of diplomatic measures through peace feelers in the Soviet Union. The argument is one of those what if’s in history that can never be concluded by concrete measure. What the Truman administration and advisors were aware of was that the Japanese were determined to engage in battle with whatever resources they had available to them and the at the time Japanese peace efforts were not possible for them to comprehend as the Japanese Supreme Council itself was undecided on the matter and because of the need to attain unconditional surrender. Without unconditional surrender, Truman and his advisors felt they may be showing signs of weakness and thus emboldening the Japanese military who would view it as a sign of US weariness of war. If the United States appeared to weaken its demand in the wake of the difficulties its troops endured and the casualties they suffered during the Okinawa campaign, it would enhance the credibility of the argument that the Americans must be confronted with all-out resistance to the invasion of Japan. † The US and the world by this time identified the peace treaty of Versailles to be one of the leading causes of the Se cond World War. The Germans were not conquered and the reparation demands led to economic hardship that resulted in faith and support of an extremist Nazi party. Thus by giving in to the demands of the Japanese government the US felt they would encourage further aggression in the Pacific. The Office of War Information declared that Japan â€Å"will seek a compromise peace that will leave intact her present ruling clique and enough territory and industrial strength to begin again a career of aggressive expansion. † Truman, according to those close to him, was both fearful and nervous about expressing his own notion and thoughts into public policy. Thus he prioritized the need to keep in line with FDR’s policies and advisors. Because FDR championed the unconditional surrender and because the US public was adamant about it, Truman could not alter his course. James F. Byrnes, the secretary of state confided to his colleagues that a change in policy would bring about a domestic crucifixion of the president and this view was re-enforced by a Gallup poll that found â€Å"33 percent of those who responded thought the emperor should be executed and another 17 percent wanted to put him on trial; only 4 percent favored no punishment. If Truman gave into such demands, he would have faced harsh criticism from the US public, which could have resulted in decreasing his chances for re-election. The use of the atomic bomb provided a â€Å"diplomatic bonus† in that Truman would be able to strengthen his bargaining position with the Soviets after the war. Truman’s predecessor Franklin D. Roosevelt concluded the Yalta Conference with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin in Feb. 1945. At the Yalta Conference Stalin emphasized Soviet interests in rebuilding â€Å"its devastated economy, possessions in Asia, influence over Poland, and a Germany so weakened it could never again march eastward. † With the instability created after the Second World War, Revisionists of the argument on Truman’s use of the atomic bomb believed that US deployed the atomic bomb in a demonstration to ward off Soviet interest in the regions highlighted at the Yalta Conference. After witnessing the course of the war and the successful Island Hopping campaign, where the Japanese were left to â€Å"wither on the vine† Truman believed that the Japanese government would surrender without having to create a second front and the use of the atomic bomb would not only shorten the war but also prevent Soviet interest and influence in Asia and ultimately shock the Soviet Union in the post war international arena, where the US could influence matters of interest through newly created international agencies that it dominated. Churchill noted the difference of Truman after the testing of the plutonium bomb in Almogordo. â€Å"He was a changed man who told the Russians just where they got on and off and generally bossed the whole meeting. † The atomic bomb provided Truman, who had unexpectedly assumed presidency, with a confidence boost in dealing with foreign policy issues. The deployment of the bomb ultimately resulted in what the US had aimed for it to achieve. It ended the war with Japan and saved numerous US troops from Japan’s suicidal Banzai attacks and Kamikaze pilots. The bomb had shocked Joseph Stalin who remarked â€Å"Hiroshima has shaken the whole world†¦ The balance has been destroyed. † The Soviets were startled by the deployment of the atomic bomb and expedited their own process of building a similar weapon of mass destruction. When one considers the fact that the US were aware of other nation’s capabilities of producing an atomic weapon, the argument that the deployment of the bomb was to deter Soviet interests in future situations is not entirely persuasive due to the fact that the Soviets would soon have such capabilities. The US considered the Soviet issue a â€Å"diplomatic bonus† as they would only have this advantage for a short period of time. Ultimately the deployment of the atomic bomb under Truman’s guidance was influenced by the fact that it would bring an immediate end to the war with minimal casualties and provide a short term diplomatic advantage over the Soviet Union. The fact that unlike the First World War where the death of civilians on board the Maine and other civilians caught in the line of fire were considered unacceptable, the consensus shifted into considering that non-military deaths were considered acceptable. General Curtis E. LeMay, upon taking charge of the fire bombings in Japan, commanded that â€Å"there are no innocent civilians† and looked for ways to improve the effect of fire bombing on wooden Japanese cities. With the morality of the atomic bomb being deployed on Japan taken out of the equation, there was no incentive for Truman to not bomb Japan, which could ultimately raise the question of him being an incompetent commander at a later date when US casualty tolls increased and public sentiment against him. Work Cited Page * Hershberg, James G. Harvard to Hiroshima and the making of the nuclear age. New York: Alfred A. Knope. 1993. Pg. 290 * Walker, J. Samuel. Prompt Utter Destruction, The University of North Carolina Press. 1997,2004. * Paterson, Thomas G. American Foreign Relations. Boston: Wadsworth, 1895. Print. * Leapfrogging(strategy). Wikipedia. org. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Leapfrogging_(strategy)  #cite_note-2 * Hershberg. Lecture [ 1 ]. Hershberg, James G. Harvard to Hiroshima and the making of the nuclear age. New York: Alfred A. Knope. 1993. Pg. 290. [ 2 ]. Walker, J. Samuel. Prompt Utter Destruction, The University of North Carolina Press. 997,2004. Pg. 38 [ 3 ]. Walker. Pg. 32 [ 4 ]. Walker Pg. 24 [ 5 ]. Walker Pg 30 [ 6 ]. Hershberg. Lecture [ 7 ]. Walker Pg 32 [ 8 ]. Hershberg. Lecture [ 9 ]. Walker Pg. 73 [ 10 ]. Walker Pg. 45 [ 11 ]. Walker Pg. 46 [ 12 ]. Walker Pg. 85 [ 13 ]. Walker Pg. 46 [ 14 ]. Paterson, Thomas G. American Foreign Relations. Boston: Wads worth, 1895. Print. 230 [ 15 ]. Paterson. Pg. 206 [ 16 ]. Leapfrogging(strategy). Wikipedia. org. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Leapfrogging_(strategy)#cite_note-2 [ 17 ]. Walker Pg. 63 [ 18 ]. Walker. Pg. 81. [ 19 ]. Walker Pg. 27

Monday, November 4, 2019

Arizona Court System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Arizona Court System - Assignment Example The Superior Court of Arizona is the general jurisdiction court, and serves the purpose of statewide trials. This court has the discretion to hear the largest variety of suits, and documents records of court processes permanently. The Arizona Court of Appeals determines appeals against the decisions entered by the Superior Court of Arizona. The Arizona Supreme Court is the highest court in the state having the jurisdiction to decide on high-level cases in the state. Arizona Supreme Court The Arizona Supreme Court is the highest court in the state. It comprises the Chief Justice, a Deputy, and Associate Justices numbering three (Berch, 2011). The justices are chosen by the governor of the state from a list proposed by an impartial commission. Justices defend their seats in a poll, 24 months after they assume office, and then every term lasting six years (Jacobs, 1995). The justices must retire once they attain 70 years of age. The chief justice is picked by the court to serve for a fi ve-year term, and is allowed to defend his seat in subsequent elections. The holder of the office oversees the management of all the lower courts, and doubles as the Commission on Appellate Court Appointments chair. The mandate of the commission is to nominate judges to the courts of appeal. The Arizona constitution mandates the Chief Justice to make the appointments of the propose nominees, two months after the proposal of the names should the Governor fail to execute the mandate (Jacobs, 1995). The Vice Chief Justice is permitted by the law to act as Chief Justice in case the latter is absent or unable to effectively discharge the uties. The deputy Chief Justice is selected by the court, which also determines the terms of service (Jacobs, 1995). The court’s discretion is captured in the Arizona Constitution. Most of the petitions filed at the court pass through the appellate courts of the state, except for cases involving capital punishment, in which case the court has sole discretion to act (Laffey, 2003). The Arizona Supreme Court also has jurisdiction in hearing of election petitions. Although, three judges make a quorum, all the justices must sit in the event of annulling legislation on grounds that it contravenes the state’s constitution. Arizona Court of Appeals The Arizona Court of Appeals plays the intermediary role and appeals against the verdicts entered by the Arizona Superior Courts. The court is split into two chambers, with a 22 serving judges: sixteen judges are in Phoenix’s Division One, and the remaining are in the Tucson based Division Two (Jacobs, 1995). The jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals is to examine appeals in civil petitions from the lower Arizona Superior Court. Rulings on cases involving juvenile and family relations entered by the lower court, workers’ remuneration and employment issues, tax court rulings, and particular corporation commission verdicts are reviewed by the court (Berch, 2011). Additi onally, it is within the jurisdiction of the court to hear appeals in criminal cases from the lower court, except for petitions in which a capital sentence has been ordered. Death penalty petitions are taken straight the Supreme Court of Arizona (Laffey, 2003). The Arizona Court of Appeals may also consider and identify cases for special action; these cases often involve the issuance of special writs. Arizona Superior Courts In Arizona, the Superior Court is the only judicial body mandated to hear and determine different

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Human Resource Management Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human Resource Management Master - Case Study Example They have been, and continue to be, committed to Equal Opportunity Employment regardless of creed or any other factors that are not job related (Wall and Wood, 2005, 429-462). The company policy is to remove barriers to employment opportunities and to ensure that access to jobs is based strictly on an individual's competencies. Role of senior management and the line management (Wall and Wood, 2005, 429-462): The MAS Competencies represents the range of competencies that supports successful performance in job roles within the organization. It describes behaviours that will make a person competent and successful. MAS's competency framework (Noe, 2007, 4): Once the Induction program is completed the recruit will be directed to his/her respective department. The employee will first undergo on the job training for duration depending on the position and the department (Daft and Marcic, 2005, 145-327). During this period the employee is required to understand the core functions of the job. Thereafter he/she will undergo a further training on other departments, which are directly relevant to his / her day-to-day activities. The departmental manager and HR manager will identify duration and the schedule of this program. (Wall and Wood, 2005, 429-462) MAS being an ethical apparel manufacturer believe that the employees are the most valuable asset. Linea Aqua, as an SBU of MAS, offers a large number of reward schemes to its employees with the intention of uplifting their living standards and to motivate them to perform at best in their job role (Kane & Grant, 2009, 494-515). Transport, Food, Medical facilities, Scholarships to their children, EPF and ETF contributions are some of the basic hygiene factors that they offer (Schweiger and Sumners, 2007, 3-7). Apart from above, there are number of work/performance related reward schemes that Linea Aqua offers to