Thursday, October 31, 2019

Management of Hazardous Materials in a Dental Office Assignment

Management of Hazardous Materials in a Dental Office - Assignment Example Employers should provide for their employees in a dental office the necessary equipment to protect them from bloodborne pathogens. Such devices include syringes whose needle is shielded with a sheath after use and needles that can be drawn back into a syringe immediately after use to avoid pricking or exposure of extracted blood. Taps with constant running water should also be availed for use in cleaning eyes in case of exposure. Gloves are also a necessity as it is hazardous to handle blood with bare hands. An employee should also get a means to flush any secretions, saliva or mucous membranes in the case of exposure. Safe disposal of sharp objects is vital in preventing exposure to bloodborne pathogens among dental care workers. This safe disposal involves the use of sharp containers which are puncture-resistant. Such should be labeled correctly and placed out of reach of children and other patients. They should also be waterproof to prevent the flow of infected blood from them. The sharp containers should have an opening wide enough to allow easy placement of disposable sharp objects and should never be over-filled. Once full, it should be safely sealed and disposed of. MSDS is a document outline the safety and emergency procedure for workers in terms of handling a substance, its physical data, and storage requirements, how to dispose of it and how to act in case it spills. Such information safeguards workers against poor handling of hazardous substances and identifies the dangers of contact and contamination. MSDS can vary by country and supplier. A color code, combined with a 0 to 4 number rating, was developed to assist in compliance with OSHA communication standards in terms of identifying hazards.  

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

The New Frontier Politics and Social Change Essay Example for Free

The New Frontier Politics and Social Change Essay The decade of the 1960s is a link between the past and the future. The exciting images and events of the 1960s were traces and shadows of the previous two decades and at the same time served as the influences of the present. The same decade characterized the U.S. history with the emergence of new frontier politics and social change coming from famous personalities and notable events. What used to be just an inspirational slogan used by John F. Kennedy, the â€Å"new frontier† phrase became the domestic and foreign policy label or trademark by the 35th President of one of the most powerful nations in the world. The colorful era of the 1960s saw the beginning of the new frontier, expansion of the civil rights movement, foreign frontiers, Lyndon Johnson and the great society, from civil rights to black power, the tragedy of Vietnam, and the sixties crescendo, all of which shaped not only the lives of the American people but of a lot of people around the world. Notwithstanding its success and failures, the 1960s new disciplines and social changes indeed determined the people and events of the past and the present. A Glimpse of New Frontiers: Politics and Social Change in the 1960s In a document titled â€Å"New Frontiers: Politics and Social Change in the 1960s,† historians George B. Tindall, David E. Shi and Thomas Lee Pearcy told of John F. Kennedy as the 35th President of the United States in a decade that showed an active idealism. Based on the account of the three authors, the 1960s also attested a spectacular and fresh stage of the civil rights movement. The pictured Kennedy was one of the first nation presidents to acknowledge that the majority of the American people were not only entangled into poverty but also deprived of public awareness or consciousness. The three historian added that despite the fact that Kennedy himself was unwilling to battle racial discrimination in his country, the circumstances of the 1960s eventually drove him and the next President, Lyndon Johnson, to make civil rights their main business.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Actually, it was the time of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. which saw the beginning and foundation of the national civil rights movement. Securing from the superior scheme of nonviolent civil disobedience, King grabbed the attention and sympathy of a ca self-satisfied country like the U.S. The same decade accounted for the formation by King of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference of SCLS. King and his organization compelled the national leaders to help and address needs of the victims of racial injustice. This was done through a lot of protests. Kings burning dedication and morale-booster expressions ignited patriotism among both black as well as white Americans. His campaigns resulted in the enactment of major measures such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that specifically forbid racial discrimination in work force and public places. Kings efforts also led to the legislation of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that superseded literacy examinations and other legal ways utilized by local registrars to refuse blacks right to voting. The cited events made King the recipient of the 1964 Nobel Peace.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, as the civil rights movement began to take part, its lawful and political profits failed to be turned into a fast economic and social improvement. Black-related incidents of crime and drug addiction, fatherless households, and intense frustration and alienation persisted in the country. Statistics showed the number of race riots, people that were killed and arrested. It was unfortunate that for a lot of urban blacks (African-Americans), civil rights movement resulted into less and real improvement in their lives. This is because in real life, these blacks actually suffered from prolong poverty, unemployment, decreasing housing and schools facilities, and cruelty by those in power.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The campaign for â€Å"Black Power† in the middle of 1960s was a result of the impatience of the young black militants with Kings leadership ability and his dedication to consolidate within the whites who are the majority of the society. This was spearheaded by Stokely Carmichael and H. Rap Brown who resisted the peaceful civil rebellion of King and his organization. For them, Black Power became the rallying cry in the mid-1960s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Black Power idea came from the black custom of patriotism on the premise that black people such as those with African roots partake in a unique civilization and fate. It was based from the agitating dissatisfaction of the rate of social modifications among urban blacks. Malcolm X, who was the most powerful advocate of black patriotism, encouraged the blacks to even violently take charge in their communities. Malcolm X was different with King because he was not fascinated in supporting consolidation with the whites. His aim was an isolated and independent black society in his country. In a turn of events before the mid-1960s, Malcolm X started to soften his position. He separated from the Black Muslims and started to speak of racial cooperation. For Malcolm X. this apparent abandonment resulted in his death perpetrated by the assassins from his own group.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The aggressiveness portrayed by Malcolm X continued among the younger Black Power supporters. It was in the summer of 1966 that Stokely Carmichael led the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee or SNCC to break away from its initial dedication to non-violent social alteration. He was replaced by H. Rap Brown who instructed SNCC members to arm themselves, put the cities on fire, and kill the whites. Another group led by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale supported these powerful campaign feelings and eventually formed the Black Panther Party that made insurgent activities against white leaders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The summer from 1965 and 1968 sparked racial-related public violence in American municipalities. The number of killed and arrested people as well as the escalating rioting during 1967 compelled President Johnson to designate Governor Otto Kerner of Illinois as a special National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders. The Kerner Commission Report, that determined the causes of the racial violence, went out the next year. It called for a caring, solid and continuous dedication to racial and social fairness to be supported by the most powerful and richest country in the whole world. Again in a tragic turn of circumstances and after a month that the Kerner paper was reported, King was assassinated that re-ignited eruption of racial-related violence in the U.S.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During the later part of the 1960s the cry for racial equality was complicated with other powerful events within American societies. These include antiwar resistance or protest actions as well as compelling feminist-related actions. The connection among these two forces, coupled with other campaigns, which were elicited with their traditional backfires, jeopardized and unscrambled U.S. towards the end of 1960s. For more and a detailed understanding of the cited new frontier politics and social changes, it would be helpful and important to note the Tindall, Shi and Pearcy documents that appeared in â€Å"The Essential America† (2001) and â€Å"America: A Narrative History† (2003). The New Frontier   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the similar documents that appeared in both books, the election, eventually victory and domestic as well as foreign policies for the nation characterized what President Kennedy called as the new frontier. Aside from these, the strong personality or character of Kennedy and his family had a much effect to the events of the 1960s. The three authors manifestation of the new frontier was traced from Kennedys wealthy family and from the Presidents own portrayal of vigor, energy, and even his good or charming looks. His Catholicism was never a problem and impossibility. In fact, he was more noted for his youth and having a beautiful wife caught the American imagination (Tindall, Shi Pearcy, 2001 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The said Tindall, Shi and Pearcy materials documented the economic policies of the â€Å"New Frontier legislation† such as the gain in the minimum salary of the people and that of expenses incurred by the government expenditures that were intended for housing of poor Americans. The three authors, however, noted the tragic assassination of Kennedy that was accompanied by various conflicting conspiracy theories. They added that this unfortunate end to the life of Kennedy and the other turn of events during the early 1960s failed to divulge some weaknesses and failures of the said regime. Specifically, Kennedys new frontier is all about Kennedys election; his style of administration; and his domestic records such as the tax-cut proposal and legislative victories because of foreign aid, Peace Corps, trade expansion, housing assistance, increased minimum wage, area development and space race (Tindall, Shi Pearcy, 2003). Civil Rights Movement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tindall, Shi and Pearcy said that the fight for equal rights for Blacks actually started even before the decade of the 1960s. The three historians accounted that the Blacks rights to citizenship and vote were provided by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution, respectively. For a short time and just before 1877, the Blacks actively took part in the American politics. This was cut off as the racists Whites restored their rule. This made it harder for Blacks to utilize their rights as provided by the Constitution. The Blacks have been continuously conscious of their countrys cry to battle dictatorship. However, it turned out that the rights that they fought for were always intended for others such as the Anglo Saxon. This was in contrast with the Whites who were associated with home, family and the country. The Blacks, who realized that they were always violated and ignored, eventually affirmed that they needed to fight and even die to protect their rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The fight for rights of the Blacks started with their sit-in protest organizations. These were done during lunch in various restaurants counters. In the event they were not serviced, the Black just stayed at their respective locations. Although some of these sit-ins were effective, the Blacks are usually faced with violence and the militants were even jailed. The sit-ins were later followed by boycott, marches, picketing and other forms of protests that turned out to be effective. The freedom that the Black Americans enjoy today was the fruits of the campaigns made by a lot of former Blacks who just died giving up the fight. In particular, Tindall, Shi and Pearcy wrote that the growth of the civil rights movement included the mass movements, student participation, formation of the SNCC, and importance of 1960s music. This period was also marked by freedom rides and the Federal intervention particularly the integration of â€Å"Ole Miss,† Birmingham demonstrations, JFKs changing position as well as his confrontation with George Wallace (Tindall, Shi Pearcy, 2003). Foreign Frontiers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the same Tindall, Shi and Pearcy documents, the foreign frontiers in the 1960s actually referred to Kennedys foreign policies. The invasion of Cuba proved to be both successful and failure for Kennedy administration. Just after taking his oath of office, Kennedy discovered a CIA strategy to invade Cuba and overrule President Fidel Castro with the utilization of Cuban exiles in the United States. Kennedys approval of the Bay of Pigs in April of 1961 turned out to be a disaster. This is because his decision to withheld critical air support at the last minute resulted to Soviet Unions increased direct military aid to Cube thereby jeopardizing the American operation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The hostilities between the communist USSR and the United States that were already   in place because of the construction of the Berlin Wall in August of 1961 escalated in the last quarter of 1962. This was proven by aerial photographs which disclosed that the Russians were building medium-range missile sites in Cuba. The nuclear fiasco between the USSR and the United States was immediately acted upon by Kennedy when he instructed a naval barricade around Cuba. This military action prevented the Soviet Union from bringing in any more missiles in Cuba and the Russians were also forced to dismantle and remove any missiles already placed in Cuba. History accounted this event as the Cuban missile crisis that actually brought the world to the edge of nuclear war. It was terminated four days after the Kennedy order when Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev surrendered to Kennedys requirements. The missiles were returned to the USSR while the United States committed not to invade Cuba and, in a more subtle decision, also removed its own missiles from Turkey (Tindall, Shi Pearcy, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thereafter, the relationship between America and Soviet Union improved as proven by the establishment of a â€Å"hot line† telephone link between Washington and Moscow that made communications between the superpowers easier. It was in August of 1963 that the Soviet Union, apparently worried over a possible threat from China, called on for Great Britain and the United States and the three nations later signed the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. This pact prohibited nuclear testing on the earths air and water areas. However, other nuclear-power countries such as France and China did not take part in the accord. Noticeably, the treaty with the USSR actually showed that Kennedy still safeguarded his country from communist expansion (Tindall, Shi Pearcy, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kennedys foreign policies also involved the countrys additional American military and personnel assistance to South Vietnam. By the end of 1963, there were 16,000 U.S. military personnel in the region. The increased presence of the communist Viet Cong in the provinces signaled the beginning of the Vietnam Wat with Kennedy supporting the South Vietnamese Army in overthrowing infamous President Ngo Dinh Diem. However, the decision of the United States to recognize the new military government that succeeded Diem after his death proved to be a wrong foreign policy made by Kennedy. This is because the new government barely made an effort to put up even a show of democracy. Although Kennedy supporters claimed that the president was inclined to withdraw from Vietnam after the 1964 election, his critics believed that the withdrawal was an apparent acceptance of the domino theory that viewed Communism as a massive entity which is hard to reckon with (Tindall, Shi Pearcy, 2001).    Lyndon Johnson and the Great Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Johnson administration was initially shocked by the Kennedy assassination. Despite the fact that the Kennedy regime was such a promise, Johnson had to move the country. He did this through his superior political skills and tactics and by making use as well as putting into actions what Kennedy was able to put in Congress legislation. Johnsons programs included working for a better education system and school facilities, medical care for the elderly and ultimately to put a stop to poverty. Johnsons efforts were tested in influencing Congress to approve the Medicare and Medicaid measures. Aside from these, there were also other similarly important cases handled by the Supreme Court during the Johnson administration that helped formed the American society. Specifically, Johnson and what was called the Great Society was characterized by the Presidents background and style, his early legislative achievements, the 1964 election, landmark legislations, civil rights movement and the development of Black power (Tindall, Shi Pearcy, 2003). From Civil Rights to Black Power   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Civil Rights movement in the 1960s was followed by the Black Power when a lot of SNCC members such as Kwame Ture who were critical of the peaceful means to address racial equality. The progression of increasingly radical Civil Rights Movement was also followed by the increasing yet subtle rejection by the younger Blacks of the idea of appealing to the publics morality and religious doctrines. Black power proponents generally reasoned that their consolidation with the Whites actually steal them of their self-respect and inheritance. In present world, majority of Black Power proponents did not change their independence argument. This is because racial equality remains around the world and it is generally accepted that the Black Americans did not finally absorb into the American mainstream culture. In fact, the Blacks were more suppressed by their own race nowadays.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Tindall, Shi and Pearcy specifically identified that the civil rights movement included the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights of 1965 while the development of the Black Power was characterized by the riots of 1965 and 1966, the assessment of the urban black condition and the focus on Black Power (Tindall, Shi Pearcy, 2003). The Tragedy of Vietnam   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What the Johnson administration aimed to stop the spread of Communism turned out to be disastrous for the administration primarily because of his critical decisions involving Vietnam War. As the war escalated, Americas assistance was not enough and the communist North Vietnamese gained control of more and more jurisdictions. This prompted Johnson to send additional military troops in South Vietnamese. This military action proved tragic for American war history and fatal for many American soldiers. It also jeopardized Johnsons administration and later hurt the Nixon regime. It was perceived as the longest yet least successful war that America has entered into. Sixties Crescendo   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tindall, Shi and Pearcy specifically identified that the sixties crescendo was composed of the twin tragedies of 1968 such as the assassinations of King and Kennedy as well as the convergence on the election of 1968. The 1960s significantly showed more than the above-cited events. The sixties crescendo manifested the young Americans’ refusal to accept the conventional norms of the 1960s society. This respite resulted to a counterculture that embraced the ideas of freedom and individuality. These ideas were seen with the young Americans experimentation of fresh kinds of dressing and music inclinations. This counterculture and pop culture not only tested how these young Americans would look like but also influenced their relationships with others. Aside from culture awakenings, the sixties crescendo was also marked by the promotion of the rights of the women. These included the passion for womens liberation and feminism. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Much has been showed by the new frontier politics and social changes in the 1960s. It marked the success and failures of the administrations of at least three famous American presidents – Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon. It also accounted for the emergence of the powerful personalities such as King and his successors. Nonetheless, all their works, achievements and misfortunes are now just a thing of the past. It would be fruitful, however, to note what they have done and what did the decade of 1960s taught not only the Americans but people worldwide. Simply put, there is no harm in learning from the accomplishments and mistakes of the past. References Tindall, G. B., Shi, D. E., Pearcy, T. L. (2001). The Essential America. New York: W. W.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Norton Company. Tindall, G. B., Shi, D. E., Pearcy, T. L. (2003). America: A Narrative History. New York:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   W. W. Norton Company.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Case Study On Improvement Of Low Voltage Power Engineering Essay

Case Study On Improvement Of Low Voltage Power Engineering Essay This case study provides investigations on low voltage power distribution system in terms of electrical system design at INTEC Section 17 Shah Alam. It was conducted to ensure that the system applied is viable where it could lead to reliable and economical distribution of power. Therefore, this project was focused on 415V feeder pillar where suggestion can be offered to improve the respected system design. Distribution system is a system built to provide a means of economically and reliably distributing power from one, or occasionally more than one main location to a number of geographically dispersed load centres within a defined site boundary [1]. Low voltage power distribution system is the portion between primary feeder and utilization equipment. Therefore, the purpose of low voltage distribution is to distribute power to end user where at the same time providing safe conditions. Internatioanl Education College (INTEC) Section 17, Shah Alam is the place where this case study was carried. The low voltage distribution system applied at INTEC is conventional simple radial distribution system where the operation and expansion of the system are simple. However, problems occur as the power transformer (2000kVA 11kV/433V) is overheated and the cables insulation of secondary windings is melted due to overload. The system itself is quite old where feeder pillar used to allocate the power to specify load is quite congested where it need some upgrade. Therefore, to tackle those problems regarding on low voltage distribution system, suggestions can be offered to improve the system that meets the specifications of electrical standard and at the same time satisfy the end users. Hopefully it can be additional information for the INTEC Facility Unit to overcome the problems and upgrade the respected feeder pillar to provide safe, economical and reliable power to the end users. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this case study are: To obtain a relative information regarding on the low voltage power distribution system of INTEC. To observe the congested feeder pillar design and implementation at INTEC. To identify problems related to the congested feeder pillar. To propose for the improvement of congested feeder pillar. METHODOLOGY The case study of low voltage power distribution at INTEC was carried out based on the primer source of information such as books, journals, articles and related electrical specifications by The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineer (IEE), Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB), Suruhanjaya Tenaga (ST) and Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR). With cooperation of local Facility Unit of INTEC, observations of respected substation and feeder pillar have been done. Some photo and reading has been taken to visualize the respected problems regarding on the overheated transformer and congested feeder pillar. Therefore, from those data, suggestions can be offered to overcome the problems and at the same time to improve the congested feeder pillar. Finally, for future study, opinions can raised for the further improvement of low voltage power distribution system. LOW VOLTAGE POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Distribution Feeder Feeder is the distribution lines that carry power throughout the distribution system. Radial distribution feeders are characterized by having only single path for power to flow from the source (substation) to the consumer load. The distribution network is composed of the substations and the feeders that they supply. Feeders are composed of sections each serving a purpose. The mainline is the backbone of the feeder and is typically a three-phase line generally designed for 400A nominal and 600A contingency loading. From this mainline, three-phase or single-phase laterals extend. Laterals are branches that are connected to the main line to serve loads, which can have laterals of their own. To protect mainlines from faults in the laterals, these are typically fused or switched by remote reclosers. Figure 1. Electricity Supply Specification in Malaysia The most common configuration for feeders is a four-wire wye configuration; one conductor for each of the three phases plus a solid multi-grounded neutral conductor. Nevertheless, less common configurations are three wire wye and delta configurations. Four-wire wye configurations are extensively used for their safety and easy fault protection [4]-[7]. This circuit type permits the use of under-rated voltage equipment by using phase-to-ground voltages, and fuse protection for ground faults. Feeder Pillar Feeder Pillar is the electrical compartment that consists of equipment that distributes power to the respected loads. It controls the switching of load where at the same time provides protection to the distribution line. Conventional feeder pillar consists of busbar, circuit breaker, earthing protection and metering equipment. The loads can be calculated by (1) for single phase and (2) for three phase system where it is proportional to voltage (V), current (I) and angle between voltage and current (ÃŽ ¸): P=VI cos ÃŽ ¸. (1) P=√3 VI cos ÃŽ ¸. (2) By applying diversity factor, the load consumption should be less than the calculated value from (1) or (2) where the same load will not be used all the time. Diversity is the engineering principle that in any given installation, some of the connected loads will not be running at the same time instant as other loads [8]. Therefore the maximum demand of loads can be obtained to ensure that the cable and protection used is viable throughout the system. The voltage drop of cable is affected by cable length (L), tabulated voltage drop (mV/A/m) and the design current (Ib) as shown in (3). v.d. (V) = [(mV/A/m) L Ib]/1000. (3) Protection Moulded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) is used to interrupt the current path during fault occurrence. It is applicable for TPN (Three Phase and Neutral) cables while Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) has lower rating compared to MCCB and it is only applied for SPN (Single Phase and Neutral) line. Earthing of the feeder pillar will provide protection from leakage current to ensure the safety to human from the danger of electric shocks during testing or maintenance. LOW VOLTAGE POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN INTEC INTEC HT Distribution System The incoming supply for INTEC from TNB is 11kV. Then it is step down to 415V by 2000KVA distribution transformer. The overall HT simplified schematic diagram of INTEC can be observed as below: Figure 2. Simplified schematic diagram for HT electrical system in INTEC Low Voltage Distribution System Next, the focus will be at Pencawang Elektrik No.1 where observation is done at Feeder Pillar No.1. The schematic diagram of LV side from Pencawang Elektrik No.1 can be seen from Fig. 3. INTEC used radial distribution feeder since it required lower cost, easier fault current protection, lower fault current and easier voltage control. Figure 3. MSB schematic diagram of LV at Pencawang Elektrik No. 1 Feeder Pillar Feeder Pillar No.1 is located between Block B (Cafeteria) and Block A (Computer Lab). This feeder pillar was connected from MSB. The maximum current rating for the MCCB of incoming is 600A. C:UsersuserDesktopINTECN8 Afdhalfeeder pillar 2.jpg Figure 4. Feeder Pillar No. 1 This respected feeder pillar distributes power to Bengkel Seni, Futsal Court, Cafeteria and Compound Feeder Pillar (Fig. 5). Figure 5. Schematic diagram for Feeder Pillar No.1 By applying the diversity factor, the value of protection and cable sizing shall fit the estimated load. TABLE.I shows the maximum load that the system can withstand at a time. The power at maximum demand is calculated using (2). The power factor is maintained at 0.85. TABLE I. LOAD AT MAXIMUM DEMAND Load Power (kW) MCCB Rating (A) Bengkel Seni 61.098 100 Futsal Court 38.492 63 Cafeteria 61.098 100 Compound Feeder Pillar 48.878 80 (Estimated value of load at maximum demand in Feeder Pillar No. 1) From the existing load as tabulated above, the calculated nominal current is 341.363A using (2). Therefore the rated current of MCCB for the incoming is viable where the rated current of MCCB is 600A. The cables are connected to the busbar. Types of cables used is 4 core, 0.6/1kV, Copper Cable with earth termination. The cables are terminated to the busbar as visualised in Fig.6. C:UsersuserDesktopINTECN8 Afdhalconnection 2.jpg Figure 6. Cables connection to the busbar. From the above figure, it can be observed that the cables connection quite messy where it is hard to indicate which cable is connected to their respected load. It is not labelled to identify the cable. If fault occurrence, it will took a time for the technician to perform maintenance due to the congested condition of the cable. The cable size for each line can be seen from TABLE II. TABLE II . CABLE SIZING Type MCCB (A) Cable Size (mm2) 2 x 4C XLPE 600 185 1 x 4C XLPE 100 50 1 x 4C XLPE 100 50 1 x 4C XLPE 80 35 1 x 4C XLPE 63 25 Earthing Earthing is purposely used to protect human from electric shock due to current leakage. Therefore this feeder pillar has the same earthing mechanism for safety reason. C:UsersuserDesktopINTEC1-3-2011 Firdaus N701032011023.jpg Figure 7. Earthing of Feeder Pillar No.1 From the fig. 7, all cables are terminated at the same point where it can provide easy path with a low resistance to earth and protect consumer from electric shock. However, those earth cables is not insulated which could lead to current leakage throughout the feeder pillar compartment in case the cable touch the wall of feeder pillar where it is made of steel (good conductor). Therefore, if such case happened it will cause electric shock to human who touch the feeder pillar. PROPOSED SYSTEM Radial Distribution System Improvement By referring back to the type of distribution feeder system approached at INTEC, radial type of distribution feeder is applied. Even though radial circuits are simpler to operate and maintain, in order to increase the reliability and power quality of distribution feeders, networked configurations must be used [4][5][8]. However the installation cost of network system will be major obstacle where it required total modification of system. Therefore, primary loop radial distribution system can be applied to make the system more reliable. Figure 8. Primary loop distribution system Figure 9. Proposed MCB Fig. 8 and 9 illustrate on how the system will look alike when improvement can be applied. The primary loop consists of two feeders which serve one or several loads. If one feeder fails, the normally open switch can be automatically (or manually) closed to feed the loads from the backup feeder, once the bad section has been sectionalized. This approach is very useful especially for underground cable system since the maintenance of underground cables is complex process that would create long interruptions if failure occurs. Feeder Pillar Proposed Design From the Feeder Pillar No.1, suggestion can be offered to improve the system is upgrading the feeder pillar to MSB. By referring back to fig. 5, there were two loads that have circuit breaker rating of 100A TPN MCCB while in the MSB as in fig. 3 there were spare load that can be used. Therefore those two loads from Cafeteria and Bengkel Seni can be directly connected to MSB. By this action, the congested condition of feeder pillar can be solved. Figure 10. Upgrade of feeder pillar to MSB Some benefits can be obtained if the load of Bengkel Seni and Cafeteria is transferred to MSB: If fault occur at Feeder Pillar No. 1, those loads will not being interrupted. Therefore it promises the continuity of power supply to the load. The voltage drop of each cable is shown in TABLE III. TABLE III. CABLE VOLTAGE DROP Size (mm2) mV/A/m Length (m) Ib Voltage Drop (V) 185 0.22 100 278.241 6.12 50 0.86 10 81.84 0.70 80 81.84 5.63 35 1.15 10 65.47 0.753 25 1.60 150 49.10 11.784 (Voltage drop of respected cable in the Feeder Pillar No.1) From TABLE III, it shows that the incoming cables itself occupy high voltage drop which is 6.12V for each cable. Then, if load of Bengkel Seni and Cafeteria is upgraded to MSB, the voltage drop can be observed from TABLE IV. TABLE IV. LOAD VOLTAGE DROP Load Calculated Voltage Drop (V) Future Length (m) Future Voltage Drop (V) Percentage (%) Bengkel Seni 11.75 180 12.67 3.05 Cafeteria 6.82 110 7.742 1.87 (Future voltage drop if load of Bengkel Seni and Cafeteria is upgraded into MSB) Although the voltage drop risen up since the length of occupied cable is increased, the voltage can be reduce by replacing higher cross sectional area of the cable. However, the value of voltage drop is still within the specified value of allowed voltage drop [8]. By connecting those loads to MSB, the existed feeder pillar will not be congested anymore. Those two loads that were directly connected to MSB will became spare and it can be used for future expansion of nearest building located near to the respected feeder pillar (refer fig. 11). Figure 11. Empty slot of loads acted as spare Therefore the future load will be based on TABLE V. Load Power (kW) MCCB Rating (A) Futsal Court 38.492 63 Compound Feeder Pillar 48.878 80 Spare Spare The total load at Feeder Pillar No.1 will be about only 70kW where the nominal current value from the incoming will be only 114.57V that could lead to only 2.52V of voltage drop. Earthing For earthing cable, it is wise to insulate those cables with PVC insulator to avoid any electric shock due to current leakage. It must meet the electrical standard where earth cable must be insulated with green or green/yellow insulation based on fig. 12 [6]. http://www.china-wire-cable.com/photo/6654ca80a2286ebde6efb52e3ffbab88/Earth-Cable.jpg Figure 12. Proper insulation of earth cable Comments and Suggestion The project will become a wise step to ensure that the respected Feeder Pillar No. 1 will become a reliable where it can provide a continuity of supply to a certain loads. However this project could not be implemented immediately since it will took period of time where maintenance underground cables is a complex task where it require skills and occupy more human power. In addition, the substation (PE No.1) need to be shutdown to perform the upgrade process where ironically the substation itself must distribute power to important places such as administration office where it operates 24 hours a day and 7 days per week. Therefore it is recommended that this project must be implemented during the holiday where the total shutdown of PE No.1 can be done and the task of upgrade of the system can be performed by the respected party. CONCLUSION From the case study that was carried out, it is necessary for Facility Unit of INTEC to consider those suggestions in order to overcome any problems related to low voltage power distribution system. FUTURE STUDY Surge protection was integrated within the low voltage distribution system to protect the system from lightning strikes. For future study, the recommendation that can be offered to further the respected case study is to perform research on surge protection system in low voltage power distribution system in INTEC. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author would like to express appreciation to his supervisor Ir. Harizan Che Mat Haris due to wise guidance and advices. For INTEC Facility Unit, the author felt pleasured to carry out this case study where he can affix his knowledge and gather more experience. Finally the author wants to offer his gratitude to people who was contributed toward the completion of this case study.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Teaching Philosophy Statement :: Education Teachers Teaching Essays

Teaching Philosophy Statement There have been many teachers come and go in my life, but only a few really stand out. The reason I want to teach is because of these few teachers that have touched my life. A unique world of opportunity rests within an educational system. The ability to influence minds is a wonderful thing. I don’t want to be one of those ordinary teachers; I want to become an exceptional teacher. I want to be the teacher that everyone values. I understand that it will take a lot of hard work to become this type of teacher, but I’m willing to do so. I hope to be a positive influence on my students. I want to be able to motivate my students, and give them a full opportunity to learn. I wish for the students who leave my classroom to have accomplished independence, knowledge, and self-discipline. I think these three aspects are the aspects of an effective classroom environment. My philosophy on education is an eclectic philosophy. I find that I lean toward the essentialist philosophy. Wanting to be a science teacher, I believe that natural sciences should be a core curriculum. Although I feel that lecture and discussion are great ways to lean, I think a variety of methods should be used. I think an effective classroom should obtain other methods of learning such as cooperative learning, mastery learning, project based instruction along with direct instruction. I believe that academic rigor is an essential component of education. I believe students should master certain key materials before being passed on to the next grade level. Other than essentialism, I find another philosophy I lean toward is perrenialism. What makes me lean toward perrenialism is that I believe that methods such as: problem solving, discussion, lecture, critical thinking, and questioning should be used in every classroom. As a science teacher I would think that problem solving would be the best way to educate my students. My goals for the future are to graduate from Concord with a Bachelor’s in Science Education of grades 9-12. I then intend on maybe teaching and then going on to obtain a Master’s degree.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Representation of Gays in Hollywood

During the production code, there were very few representations of gay and lesbians on screen. The only few representations were filled with stereotypes and lacked variety. People will call each other when they see another gay person on TV. The story lines in movies featuring gays and lesbians were controlled and restricted. The whole story was not often told in gay movies. Even after the code was lifted, Hollywood still struggled with their portrayal of gays, the â€Å"proud sissies† and the â€Å"regular gays† who were not as flamboyant. In today’s movies, those issues are still prevalent. Gay scenes are laced with comedy and as a form of punishment.There are not enough genuine, authentic gay love stories anymore. The notion of visibility at any cause still exists today, maybe not as difficult as it was in the 30’s. I am starting to believe that films do not creates stereotypes but rather the people behind these films. Directors, producers and even actor s creates and perpetuate the stereotypes and feeds them to the audience. Simply changing the films alone will not be enough to solve gay stereotypes in Hollywood. The change should start with the people making the films. Perhaps we need more gay directors or less stereotyping straight directors or better yet directors with open minds.Fleming disagrees with Russo’s views on gay visibility in Hollywood. She is not as optimistic as Russo. Fleming’s point about the lack of lesbian perspective in Hollywood films was very interesting. But what stood out the most was the point she made about the dilemma of gays in Hollywood. If they become more visible, they open themselves up for ridicule but if they remain invisible then they are allow Hollywood to keep portraying them stereotypically. Overall, Fleming believes that there should be more range and diversity in gay story lines and I

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Burma Religion (Burma) Essay

Since the Myanmar ancient times, there has been full freedom of worship for followers of Burma religions in Myanmar. So many different religions can be practiced in Myanmar. Buddhism is practiced by almost 90 percent of Myanmar religion Burma’s population, with the Myanmar Theravada Buddhism School being the most prevalent. It has a firm hold in Myanmar’s culture along with an observance of animism, or the worship of ancestors (nat). In Myanmar culture, there are many Myanmar festivals and celebrations held that correlate with nat. Nat also has influence on the practice of Myanmar traditional medicine in Myanmar religion Burma. There are other religions in Myanmar, but they are not as widespread as Buddhism and animism. Some of the beliefs found include Christianity (Baptists) in Myanmar hill areas and Muslims. Christianity is practiced by 5.5 percent of Burmese Myanmar, Islam by 3.8 percent Hinduism by 0.5 percent and Animism by 0.2 percent before respectively in Myanm ar. Myanmar is a predominantly Theravada Buddhist country. Buddhism reached Myanmar around the beginning of the Christian era, mingling with Hinduism (also imported from India) and indigenous animism in Myanmar. The Pyu and Mon kingdoms of the first millennium were Buddhist, but the early Burmese Myanmar peoples were animists. According to Myanmar religion Burma traditional history, Myanmar King Anawrahta of Bagan adopted Buddhism in 1056 and went to war with the Mon kingdom of Thaton in the south of Myanmar country in order to obtain the Buddhist Canon and learned Myanmar monks in Myanmar religion history. The religious Myanmar tradition created at this time, and which continues to the present day in Myanmar, is a syncretalist mix of what might be termed ‘pure’ Buddhism (of the Sri Lankan or Theravada school) with deep-rooted elements of the original animism or nat-worship and even strands of Hinduism and the Mahayana tradition of northern India. Islam reached Myanmar at approximately the same time, but never gained a foothold outside the geographically isolated seaboard running from modern Bangladesh southwards to the delta of the Ayeyarwady (modern Rakhine, known previously to the British as Arakan, and an independent kingdom until the eighteenth century) Myanmar. The colonial period saw a huge influx of Muslim (and Hindu) Indians into Yangon and other Myanmar  cities, and the majority of Yangon’s many mosques and temples owe their origins to these immigrants. Christianity was brought to Myanmar by European missionaries in the 19th century. It made little if any headway among Myanmar Buddhists, but has been widely adopted by non-Buddhists such as the Karen and Kachin in Myanmar. The Chinese contribution to Myanmar’s religious mix has been slight, but several traditional Myanmar Chinese temples were established in Yangon and other Myanmar large cities in the nineteenth century when large-scale Chinese migration was encouraged by the British. Since approximately 1990 this migration has resumed in huge numbers, but the modern Chinese immigrants seem to have little interest in Myanmar religion Burma. Some more isolated indigenous peoples in the more inaccessible parts of Myanmar country still follow traditional animism. The Roman Catholic Church, Myanmar Baptist Convention and the Assemblies of God of Myanmar are the largest Christian denominations in Myanmar. There are no totally reliable demographic statistics form Myanmar, but the following is one estimate of the religious composition of Myanmar country: Buddhists: 87% Animists: 5% Christians: 4.5% Muslims: 4% Hindus: 1.5% Burma Arts Jamie Therese Jainar The culture of Myanmar has been heavily influenced by Buddhism. More recently, British imperialism has influenced aspects of Burmese culture, such as language and education. More recently, British imperialism has influenced aspects of Burmese culture, such as language and education. Its neighbors, particularly India, China, and Thailand, have made major contributions to Myanmar culture. In more  recent times, British colonial rule and westernisation have influenced aspects of Burmese culture, including language and education. Historically, Burmese art and literature was based on Buddhist or Hindu cosmology and myths. In addition to the traditional arts are silk weaving, pottery, tapestry making, gemstone engraving, and gold leaf making. Temple architecture is typically of brick and stucco, and pagodas are often covered with layers of gold leaf while monasteries tend to be built of wood. Although court culture has been extinguished, popular street-level culture is vibrant and thriving. Drama is the mainstay of this culture, and just about any celebration is a good excuse for a pwe (show). Performances may recount Buddhist legends, or be more light-hearted entertainments involving slapstick comedy, dance, ensemble singing or giant puppets. Myanmar music is an integral part of a pwe; it originates from Thai and emphasizes rhythm and melody. Instruments are predominantly percussive and include drums, boat-shaped harps, gongs and bamboo flutes. The toys of Myanmar are not only for the children but also famous in the world, known as the Marionettes (or) Puppets of Myanmar. It’s a combination of Myanmar Art and Culture, together to show the inner expressions of the Myanmar people. A. The Prehistoric Period – c. 1100 BC to 200 BC The Pre historic Period in Burma is known from a limited number of excavations that were carried out in selected rock shelters, caves and other sites along the middle course of the Irrawaddy River. Since Burma even today is sparsely populated, it would not be surprising to find that early cultures in Burma developed in isolation. However, the artifacts uncovered in these digs resemble those in other parts of Southeast Asia indicating that there was meaningful contact over wide areas at a very early date, and the arts in Burma were not isolated even at this early time. This pattern of intra-area contact continued into the later historical periods. Since there are no written records for this early period, we know little about religious practice. However, since the artifacts that have been discovered conform to those used in small-scale societies for animist rituals, it might be presupposed that these early societies practiced a type of Animism. Therefore, Animism, and artifacts associated with its practice, will be discussed as a bridge between this most remote period and contemporary  animist art forms. B. The Pre-Pagan Period – Mon and Pyu Urbanism – c. 2nd BC – 8 AD During the Pre-Pagan Period there is ample evidence that the lowland peoples in Burma adopted ideas from India as indicated by a few standing structures, numerous excavated foundations, and a wide array of artifacts. These materials were produced for worship in Animism and Hinduism as well as Mahayanna and Theravada Buddhism. The first cities appear throughout central Burma and were directly dependent on extensive irrigation systems. Thus begins the parmountcy of the central region of Burma that continues until the present. The cities occur in well-planned forms that are a combination of indigenous and Indian concepts. Within these cities, the first buildings in non-perishable materials were constructed. These brick and mortar buildings were all used for religious purposes whereas secular buildings, even palaces, continued to be made of perishable materials until the modern era. This dichotomy between the type of material used for construction and the use of the building generally continued through all later developmental periods. Also, at this time, a particular interest develops for two types of religious structures – the Buddhist stupa and the Buddhist temple. Brick foundations of what were most probably the first monasteries are dated to this period. Although the number of images from the Pre-Pagan Period is limited, the diversity of styles and subject matter is generally broader than in later periods. The Mon and Pyu languages are written using alphabets and concepts adopted from India. A Burmese calendar was later created that begins with the fall of the Pyu dynasty in 836 AD. C. The Pagan Period – 11th to 13th centuries Classic forms emerged during the Pagan Period for many aspects of Burmese culture, including the economic, political, religious, social, and artistic. These forms were the models used by later Burmese dynasties to create new but related forms, often through slightly modifing their content. Classic architectural forms emerged as embodied in the Shwezigon Stupa and the Ananda Temple that were repeatedly copied by later donors. The styles of sculpture from the Pagan Period were also periodically revived. Theravada Buddhism became the preferred faith and thereafter remained the predominant Burmese religion. The first examples of figurative painting occur on temple walls and employ the Pala style of India and Nepal. Although Pagan ceased  to be the political capital of Burma in the 13th century, the city continued to be a respected religious center and many later monarchs returned to Pagan to endow new foundations or refurbish old ones. D. The Post Pagan Period -14th to 20th centuries After the decline of Pagan, Burma fragmented into a number of small kingdoms that looked back to Pagan for validation and for artistic inspiration. None of these kingdoms rivaled the earlier period in art and architectural accomplishments and all can be seen as â€Å"Pagan writ small†. Pagan buildings were proudly copied, but often with significant modifications. The stupa became the most favored religious building and temples were rarely built. Wooden monasteries constructed on a raised wooden platform largely replaced the brick and stucco monasteries of Pagan. A number of Burmese styles arose, particularly in sculpture, as a result of fewer contacts with India due to the Muslim invasions there and the Muslim destruction of Buddhist religious sites. Burmese styles of painting develop and in the nineteenth century borrow pictorial devices from the West. The Mandalay Style that arose during the latter half of the Post Pagan Period became dominant in central Burma and has continued until the present as the preferred style in Burmese art.

Free Essays on Muhammad “The Prophet Of Allah“

MUHAMMAD â€Å"PROPHET OF ALLAH† Muhammad was born in the midst of conditions such as famine and economic chaos. He was born in 569 A.D. after Christ. His father, ‘Abdullah had dies some weeks earlier, and it was his grandfather who took charge over young Muhammad. According to the prevailing custom, Muhammad was entrusted to a Bedouin foster-mother, with whom he spent several years living in the desert. An interesting fact that almost foresaw Muhammad’s compassion was that when he was a baby he only breastfed off of one breast leaving the other for his foster-brother. This act was extraordinary and showed that he would be a leader and guide. When he was brought back home, his mother, Aminah, took him to his maternal uncles at Madinah to visit the tomb of his father. During the journey, he lost his mother who died a sudden death. At Mecca, another bereavement awaited him, in the death of his affectionate grandfather. Subjected to such privations, he was at the age of eight, consigned at last t o the care of his uncle, Abu-Talib, a man who was generous of nature but always short of resources and hardly able to provide for his family. Young Muhammad was therefore forced to start immediately to earn his livelihood. His first job at the age of ten was serving as a shepherd boy for some neighbors. He then traveled to Syria with his uncle. On this journey they traveled and lead a caravan. No other accounts of other travels between Muhammad and his uncle occur in any transcripts or texts. By the age of twenty-five Muhammad was already well known for his integrity of dispositions and the honesty of his character. He then met a woman. A rich widow that took him in her loving arm and consigned to him her goods to be taken for sale to Syria. Delighted with the unusual profits she obtained as also by the personal charms of her agent, she offered him her hand. They were then married. It is said that Muhammad was very happy w... Free Essays on Muhammad â€Å"The Prophet Of Allahâ€Å" Free Essays on Muhammad â€Å"The Prophet Of Allahâ€Å" MUHAMMAD â€Å"PROPHET OF ALLAH† Muhammad was born in the midst of conditions such as famine and economic chaos. He was born in 569 A.D. after Christ. His father, ‘Abdullah had dies some weeks earlier, and it was his grandfather who took charge over young Muhammad. According to the prevailing custom, Muhammad was entrusted to a Bedouin foster-mother, with whom he spent several years living in the desert. An interesting fact that almost foresaw Muhammad’s compassion was that when he was a baby he only breastfed off of one breast leaving the other for his foster-brother. This act was extraordinary and showed that he would be a leader and guide. When he was brought back home, his mother, Aminah, took him to his maternal uncles at Madinah to visit the tomb of his father. During the journey, he lost his mother who died a sudden death. At Mecca, another bereavement awaited him, in the death of his affectionate grandfather. Subjected to such privations, he was at the age of eight, consigned at last t o the care of his uncle, Abu-Talib, a man who was generous of nature but always short of resources and hardly able to provide for his family. Young Muhammad was therefore forced to start immediately to earn his livelihood. His first job at the age of ten was serving as a shepherd boy for some neighbors. He then traveled to Syria with his uncle. On this journey they traveled and lead a caravan. No other accounts of other travels between Muhammad and his uncle occur in any transcripts or texts. By the age of twenty-five Muhammad was already well known for his integrity of dispositions and the honesty of his character. He then met a woman. A rich widow that took him in her loving arm and consigned to him her goods to be taken for sale to Syria. Delighted with the unusual profits she obtained as also by the personal charms of her agent, she offered him her hand. They were then married. It is said that Muhammad was very happy w...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

The Ins Outs of Corporate Ghostwriting

The Ins Outs of Corporate Ghostwriting While I’m known as a journalist, writer and editor, I’ve also done a lot of corporate ghostwriting behind the scenes. It’s a potentially lucrative market for writers who don’t mind skipping the Defining Corporate Ghostwriting â€Å"Corporate ghostwriting† can include website content (blog posts or static pages), press releases, articles for print, advertorials and even inter-office letters. You are hired to turn source material – gathered through interviews, researched or sent Finding Clients through Referrals The key is contacts. Most of my corporate jobs were referrals – from previous clients, referrals or people I’d previously interviewed who needed something written. Build a library of writing clips and get to know your editors; sometimes sources will also pass on a good lead – but you have to ask, or nobody will know you’re looking. Job Boards When not referrals, clients are often hiding on job boards, message boards, forums, and newsletters.  MediaBistro, All Indie Writers, ProBlogger, Freelance Writing, Writers’ Job Board, Craigslist, Indeed and Journalism Jobs are some up-to-date ones that I’ve met clients on. Other times, cold pitch a company Corporate Language Publications have style guidelines, and every company has their own style and tone. Research your company and interviewee (especially when you have to copy their voice as the Draft to Publication Always send a draft for approval to your client once you are done writing it. Be prepared to edit and discuss changes. Then, make sure they sign off happily on the final draft before anything goes off for publication – say, a press release to a media house. Corporate ghostwriting sometimes needs to happen quickly. Corporate Schedules Corporate clients are often extremely busy. Learn to keep interviews and appointments short. Always schedule ahead of time and never miss an appointment – but also be willing to reschedule if they have a last-minute schedule change. Your Own Image Yes, people care about your image even when you are ghostwriting – clients will check out your website and other works. If you write erotic elf-fiction, keep it separate from the â€Å"corporate† side of your site. Don’t slam clients – or anyone who might be their shareholders – on social media. (Yes, this means sometimes you have to Google it.) Reputation is everything. Confidentiality as a Ghost Ghostwriting occasionally involves sensitive information – things not yet available to the public, or information from the caverns of the corporate offices. Keep it confidential and remember that you’re the ghost in ghostwriting. Ask clients for referrals, but keep secrets secret and don’t tell everyone, â€Å"I wrote that!†

Saturday, October 19, 2019

International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

International Business Strategy - Essay Example This paper illustrates that Shell has not been successful in ensuring that its stakes are completely secured. The later developments in the project suggested that the Shell has not been able to maintain the same level of control in the project. The overall bargaining power of Shell continuously declined to owe to different factors despite the fact that it has been able to secure the relative favor from the government in the initial phase of the project. What is also important to understand that the negotiation process does not involve all the stakeholders in the project and resultant the take-off of the project fell victim of the pressure to the various stakeholders involved in the project? One of the essential elements of the good negotiation process is to ensure that a win-win situation emerges for every player involved in the negotiation process. In these negotiations, both the parties to the negotiation were given the share in the project in such a manner that both the parties we re better off at the end of a negotiation. Not only the Shell and the Gazprom would benefit from the deal but Russia as a State also because the success of the project would allow the smooth entry for the foreign firms in the country as well as the rapid expansion of the exploration facilities of the country. Overall the negotiations only involved the limited number of stakeholders and therefore the project not only resulted in the cost overruns but also delayed the project. This was only the direct result of not involving all the stakeholders during the negotiation process. The overall shift in the bargaining power from Shell to the Russian government, therefore, was owing to the fact that all the stakeholders were not adequately involved in the process thus resulting into a shift towards the greater bargaining power for the Russian government. This shift was also a result of the Russian policy of gaining direct control of the oil and gas exploration facilities while at the same ti me allowing foreign firms to actively involved in the exploration services while remaining under the direct control or supervision of State-owned organizations such as Gazprom.

Friday, October 18, 2019

Genetic Impact on Alcoholism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Genetic Impact on Alcoholism - Essay Example However, most current theory centers on the role of acetaldehyde in the body's ability to enjoy or reject alcohol. The Journal of Studies on Alcohol reported in 2005 found that the leveled response to alcohol among teenagers appears to identify family traits and holds the indication that alcoholism may be genetically linked. The study involved 487 subjects, of which 236 were male. The study was problematic by the need to study the alcohol effects on teenagers to establish correlation. Due to legal constraints the study was restricted to questionnaire. However, the study was able to establish a strong correlation between first degree relatives and the body's desirability for alcohol. The study used a Self-Rating of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) Questionnaire. Subjects were required to describe the effects that alcohol had on their mood. The results are useful in establishing the need for further research. However, the research has been criticized for technical shortcomings in the small sample size of some groups as well as the failure to accommodate social factors in the study. Research reported by Molecular Psychiatry has focused on acetaldehyde as a point for the study of alcohol and its relation to genetics. Acetaldehyde is a product of ethanol metabolism.

Prin of Organizational Behav Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prin of Organizational Behav - Assignment Example It is not in the best interest of any company to have a high employee turnover rate. It takes money and time to properly train an employee. Also new employees must master the learning curve of their job to become effective workers. Another con associated with high employee turnover is loss of tacit knowledge (Goessl). Employee turnover can hurt a company especially when the firm loses employees that are hard to replace due to a shortage of talent available in the job market. There are different personality types or managerial styles. Three of those styles are charismatic, transactional, and transformational leaders. A charismatic manager is a person that uses their personal abilities to have a profound effect on their workers. This type of personality is effective at the executive management level. The personality type that I think is most effective for your typical manager is transactional leader. A transactional manager is a person that performs the necessary exchanges with their employees to ensure they get the job done. A bad decision maker is a person that does not use the scientific method in order to analyze potential solutions to find the best alternative to solve a problem. Another characteristic of poor decision makers is that they do not listen to the input from their co-workers. Good decision makers follow the six step rational model to make decisions. The six step rational decision model is illustrated below: 5. What variable pay programs does your organization use? If your company does not use variable pay programs, do you think they should? Why or Why Not? Do you think the addition of these programs would be motivational for the employees in your organization? The organization I work for does not use variable pay programs. I believe that the company should implement the use of variable pay program. The reason I believe variable pay would be beneficial to both the

Understanding what Taylor to be saying about the meaning of life Assignment

Understanding what Taylor to be saying about the meaning of life - Assignment Example The stone would roll repeatedly roll down and he would have to constantly roll the stone back up forever. Sisyphus was punished for telling secrets of the gods to other humans. Taylor cites this activity as â€Å"a meaningless, pointless toil of a meaningless existence that is absolutely never redeemed.† (Taylor, n.d., p.141) There are no further results of the activity other than its repetitiveness. Taylor then suggests an alteration of this myth: If the gods had given the same punishment, while making Sisyphus really want to continuously roll stones up a hill even if it was still considered a pointless activity he would likely find his life to be meaningful. By presenting readers with this alternative scenario Taylor seems to suggest that life is made meaningful by determination, a positive attitude and acceptance of daily tasks. While Sisyphus is still performing the same tasks as in the previous myth, the only difference is that Sisyphus is determined to complete these tas ks .As Taylor explains when discussing the alternative scenario: â€Å"Sisyphus has been reconciled to it, (his task) and indeed more he has been led to embrace it.† (Taylor, n.d., p144) Therefore it is up to the individual to create meaning for his/her life. The meaning of life depends upon the tasks that are done on a daily basis even if they do not amount to anything significant. It partially depends upon one’s attitude about their daily routines. For example if individuals can accept the fact that they need to go to work to make a living even if they dislike their jobs and they have a positive attitude about it their lives can be meaningful. However if you feel negatively about your job and believe you are not accomplishing anything worthwhile but do not attempt to make changes to improve your situation, you will likely view your life as meaningless. Taylor looks at the lives of the glow worms

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Cigarette warning labels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cigarette warning labels - Essay Example Currently, the habit is practiced by men and women, even one as young as two years old in China. (Two) In 1898, the Tennessee Supreme Court maintains a total ban on cigarettes, saying that its use is toxic to one’s health. In 1965, after the Surgeon General of the United States reported about the dangers of cigarette smoking, the U.S. Congress passed the Cigarette Labelling and Advertising Act which stated that every cigarette pack must have a warning label claiming â€Å"Cigarettes may be hazardous to your health.† (History) Later on, Congress ordered companies to change their warning labels every three months and created four different labels to be used. These steps, however, did little to discourage the public from smoking. With the new cigarette health warning labels, consumers will not only be reading words that, as history has shown, have been easily ignored. The new labels are very visual. They would easily catch the attention of the consumers. Moreover, the pictures are extremely explicit in showing the dangers of smoking that would-be smokers may have second thoughts. The habit of smoking is too extensive and common to be stopped instantaneously and forcing smokers to stop infringes on their human rights. The new cigarette health warning labels are by far the best approach to making people realize smoking is hazardous and should be

Information Systems Auditing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Information Systems Auditing - Assignment Example ing management controls in computer systems within an IT infrastructure to determine the adequacy of the system controls and ensure compliance (Puja, 2004, p. 5). It is done through collecting and evaluating evidence to determine whether data integrity is maintained and assets are safeguarded. The use computer based information systems has been incorporated into many companies and the ability of these companies to survive entirely depends on well-structured information system audit process that points out shortcomings in the information systems usage. The human resource department of any organization or company contains more sensitive data. Human resource workers specifically the payroll employees should be able to establish the employment status of an active employee, without altering the status, while the personnel employees have the clearance from human resource administration or higher authority to activate new employees and alter their status from active to terminated service. The personnel employees have no permission in handling of timecards for employees. This clearly defined separation of tasks prevents any occurrence of fraudulent incident. In most common cases it has been reported that the payroll employees or the personnel employees process illegal paychecks to terminated employees or ghost workers either as a result of ignorance or fraud motives. Human resource management systems house databases that contain other linked company information that the payroll employees have no reason of seeing. Such information may include; data from performance evaluation, health records, and retirement benefit plan balances, and insurance cover. The central location of human resource data is subject to access monitoring enabling the capture of identity of the person logging or exiting as well as the timestamp. This ensures that company data is accessed by authorized personnel and that entry codes are changed periodically where locking mechanisms with keypads are

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Understanding what Taylor to be saying about the meaning of life Assignment

Understanding what Taylor to be saying about the meaning of life - Assignment Example The stone would roll repeatedly roll down and he would have to constantly roll the stone back up forever. Sisyphus was punished for telling secrets of the gods to other humans. Taylor cites this activity as â€Å"a meaningless, pointless toil of a meaningless existence that is absolutely never redeemed.† (Taylor, n.d., p.141) There are no further results of the activity other than its repetitiveness. Taylor then suggests an alteration of this myth: If the gods had given the same punishment, while making Sisyphus really want to continuously roll stones up a hill even if it was still considered a pointless activity he would likely find his life to be meaningful. By presenting readers with this alternative scenario Taylor seems to suggest that life is made meaningful by determination, a positive attitude and acceptance of daily tasks. While Sisyphus is still performing the same tasks as in the previous myth, the only difference is that Sisyphus is determined to complete these tas ks .As Taylor explains when discussing the alternative scenario: â€Å"Sisyphus has been reconciled to it, (his task) and indeed more he has been led to embrace it.† (Taylor, n.d., p144) Therefore it is up to the individual to create meaning for his/her life. The meaning of life depends upon the tasks that are done on a daily basis even if they do not amount to anything significant. It partially depends upon one’s attitude about their daily routines. For example if individuals can accept the fact that they need to go to work to make a living even if they dislike their jobs and they have a positive attitude about it their lives can be meaningful. However if you feel negatively about your job and believe you are not accomplishing anything worthwhile but do not attempt to make changes to improve your situation, you will likely view your life as meaningless. Taylor looks at the lives of the glow worms

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Information Systems Auditing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Information Systems Auditing - Assignment Example ing management controls in computer systems within an IT infrastructure to determine the adequacy of the system controls and ensure compliance (Puja, 2004, p. 5). It is done through collecting and evaluating evidence to determine whether data integrity is maintained and assets are safeguarded. The use computer based information systems has been incorporated into many companies and the ability of these companies to survive entirely depends on well-structured information system audit process that points out shortcomings in the information systems usage. The human resource department of any organization or company contains more sensitive data. Human resource workers specifically the payroll employees should be able to establish the employment status of an active employee, without altering the status, while the personnel employees have the clearance from human resource administration or higher authority to activate new employees and alter their status from active to terminated service. The personnel employees have no permission in handling of timecards for employees. This clearly defined separation of tasks prevents any occurrence of fraudulent incident. In most common cases it has been reported that the payroll employees or the personnel employees process illegal paychecks to terminated employees or ghost workers either as a result of ignorance or fraud motives. Human resource management systems house databases that contain other linked company information that the payroll employees have no reason of seeing. Such information may include; data from performance evaluation, health records, and retirement benefit plan balances, and insurance cover. The central location of human resource data is subject to access monitoring enabling the capture of identity of the person logging or exiting as well as the timestamp. This ensures that company data is accessed by authorized personnel and that entry codes are changed periodically where locking mechanisms with keypads are

Teaching Reflection Paper Essay Example for Free

Teaching Reflection Paper Essay Teaching is a unique profession in today’s workplace. It is an occupation that will not give you a promotion very easily based on performance. It is also an occupation that can be seen as something that is not highly enough reimbursed for the impact it has on the lives of young people. A teacher needs an incredible passion for children/adolescents in order to be an effective educator. The way a teacher runs their classroom has the potential to be a huge part of a student’s life and an even greater part in the effect the student has on the kids. There are distinct advantages and disadvantages to the teaching profession. Advantages include working with the children that educators are so passionate about every day and having the chance to meet an incredible amount of new people year after year. Some of the disadvantages are, most obviously to the public eye, salary as well as certain students who are apathetic toward learning or participating. These pros and cons are similar to those that go along with every profession in this country and they require you to strive for the good times and work through the bad ones. Working with children every day can be an incredible experience. Most evidently in elementary schools, kids have such a passion for learning. They love their teacher, they love school, and they love learning new things so they can go home and tell their parents they learned to multiply today. As the students get older, although it is harder to recognize the passion for learning, the ‘aha’ moments are that much more rewarding. There must be no feeling like working through a rough time with a student while they try and try to work through the conflict and seeing it through until the end. The reward a teacher gets from that moment when you see them completely through the problem they were having is unlike anything most people ever experience in their lives. Most people see it in their children but only teachers have the ability to have that same effect on hundreds or thousands of kids over their careers. Salary is certainly an issue in the education profession. It is not fair that people who spend their time shaping students in to the human being they will grow up to be get paid lower than almost all other positions in the country. Outside of people directly affected by these educators, nobody can understand what importance they actually have on the student’s futures. They can make or break their morals, understanding of respect, and even their future grasp on knowledge in general. Without teachers our society would be in an incredible amount of turmoil and it would be in a hole so big it may be irreversible. Working with so many different students can be a life changing experience for not only the students who receive the blessings from the teacher but for the teachers who get so many of their own blessings from their students who unknowingly give and give and give. Meeting new people every year is a great experience. A teacher has the opportunity to meet over one-hundred new people each year. That is not to mention all the kids parents at conferences or any new faces they see in the workplace. Meeting so many people and having an opportunity to impact that many lives is an impossibly awesome situation for educators. Teachers are in a position to drastically improve society of the future and the teachers who actually are extremely passionate toward the kids will certainly be taking steps in the right direction. Student apathy has been an issue for as long as there have been people trying to teach other people. It goes with the job and it is something every educator needs to figure out how to work with and get past. It is an unfortunate part of the profession, but can be seen as an opportunity to work through conflicts and give the students the same respect they need throughout the process. Working through the students who do not want to learn, participate, or even be in the classroom, is a challenge and a blessing. It makes teachers realize how lucky they have been that not every student is like that, or that they still get to have those students who are as passionate about learning as the teacher is about teaching. Although a disadvantage of teaching, student apathy can also put things into perspective in a good way for educators. As teaching becomes a more recognized profession, maybe it will also become more glorious. Even with all the positives to the profession there are certainly enough disadvantages that need to be worked on. The bottom line is it is not a job that someone should just get into because he or she needs a job. It is an occupation that requires patience, understanding, and most importantly passion. It is not a job for everybody but for those who do enjoy the impact they have on the lives of these students it can be the most rewarding experience on the planet.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Tourism And Tourist Behavior In The Past Tourism Essay

Tourism And Tourist Behavior In The Past Tourism Essay Tourism industry is one of worlds fast-growing and gained economic benefits in many countries all around the world. In recent year, technology became important part in many industries particularly the internet in tourism industry. The development of the internet has increased dramatically and many countries in the world have made efforts to improve their internet service. On the demand side, the internet consumer base increases globally every day. Consequently, the use of internet and web technologies is important and is becoming a direct marketing tool for improving the success of a business in the online environment, which is very appropriate to adapt to tourism industry as call e-tourism (Khemthong Roperts, 2006) This paper is presents what are the effects of e-tourism on tourist behavior and how to manage it. It analyzes the role of tourist behavior before and after e-tourism came to Thailand. In addition, discussions on the benefits, disadvantages and trend of e-tourism in the next coming year. Tourism and tourist behavior in the past Tourists behavior involves a consideration of various important issues regarding current tourism trends. Tourism has many factors which can define as Leiper mention thirteen factors and antecedents such as nomadism, travel for trade and business, travel by scholars and scientists, resort tourism migratory and etc. In general, tourism can be defined in behavioral terms as persons who travel away from their normal residential region for a temporary period of at least one night. Their behavior involves a search for leisure experiences from interactions with features or characteristics of places they choose to visit (Leiper, 2004). Referring the Leipers statement, it can be confirmed that understanding tourist consumer behavior is not merely of academic interest but doing so would provide knowledge for effective tourism planning and marketing. Although some writers (e.g. Meethan, 2001; Jelincic, 1999) consider that understanding the behavior of tourism consumers is less important in the globalization era. The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption-related items (Schiffman and Kanuk, 1997). Individuals and households decide how to spend their free or leisure time in many different ways, including domestic, outbound or inbound. Tourism before technology era, the Second World War, impeded the growth of international tourism even in 1939 fewer than 50 percent of British population spent more than one night away from home. In the inter war period, the cruise liner and air travel led to changing tastes and trend in holiday taking in. in post war, the demand for holiday had increase it seen from growth income, leisure time and opportunities for international travel. These travels cannot happen without tourist demand. The definitions of demand are concerned primarily with the schedule of the amount of any product or service which people e are willing and able to buy at each specific price during a specified period of time (Cooper, 1993). According to Uysal (1998), summarized the determinants of tourism demand as shown in Figure 1. It provides a general context for tourism demand, but does not adequately explain how and why people decide to select and participate in specific form of tourist. Key factor such as age and income are significant determinants of the demand for example, the amount of paid holiday and an individuals or familys income both have an important bearing on demand. Figure 1 Determinations of tourism demand (source: Uysal, 1998) The tourist, many factor to make a decision to serve the demand to travel but before the tourist design to have a trip they have to plan and find the information. Planning generally is concerned with predetermining a course of action to achieve a desired goal (Hayes-Roth Hayes-Roth, 1979) The planning and decision-making processes employed by tourists are complex, as a touring holiday involves assimilating information from many different sources and a continual assessment of options.(Becken Wilson, 2006). In primitive societies, for most people the world beyond home was a scary an unknown place.(Leiper, 2004) In the modern world, radio, TV, book and, to a lesser extent, attendance at schools have provided almost everyone with knowledge of places around the world that might be visited. Moreover, tour operator and travel agent can be a main assistant for tourist. Tour operators are businesses that combine two or more travel services (e.g. transport, accommodation, catering, entertainment, and/or sightseeing) and sell them through travel agencies or directly to final consumers as a single product (package tour). The components of a package tour might be pre-established, or can result from an a la carte procedure, where the visitor decides the combination of services s/he wishes to acquire. A tour operator is often described as an intermediary The principal role of intermediaries is to bring buyers and sellers together, either to create efficiently and thereby to expand market sizeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In all industries the task of intermediaries is to transform goods and services which consumers do not want, to a product that they do want. (Cooper et al. 1998:189) In Thailand, 1393 travel agency available (Association of Thai Travel Agents) and more than 100 books and magazines it shown that many tourist find the information by book or magazine and buy the product and service from travel agency. In the past, travel book (manual) is very popular because is the one of most we can find the information at book store. There is done in every province in Thailand and some country around the world where most Thai people like to visited as well. Moreover, map is another travel material that most tourists have on hand. Another factor that tourist would design to have a trip is experience sharing, this can be a main influence to travel. E-tourism In recent year, the trend of globalization and the advance of information and communication technology, particularly internet play an important role both for consumer and business in tourism industry. The growth rate in tourism have moved much faster than in the overall world economy, and this trend is not expected to slow down in the near future (The European e-Business Report, 2007) As the tourism industry expands globally, the need for expanding the communication networks to connect the customers and service providers has increased. ICTs have been utilized as a mean for communication widely over the past decade in the travel and tourism industry. It has been instrumental in helping the tourism sector to expand its market across the continent and has played a major role in helping the growth of the industry. Moreover, it is leading to a shift from product-oriented organizations to a flexible and responsive market place, where success depends on sensing and responding to rapidly cha nging customer needs, using for delivering the right product, at the right time, at the right price, to the right customer. E-tourism reflects the digitalization of all processes and value chains in the tourism, travel, hospitality and catering industries. The e-tourism concept includes all business functions (e.g. e-Commerce and e-Marketing, e-Finance and e-Accounting, e-HRM, e-Procurement, e-RD and e-Production) as well as e-Strategy, e-Planning and e-Management for all sectors of the tourism industry. As demonstrated in Figure 2, e-tourism bundles together three distinctive disciplines, namely Business IT/IS Tourism Figure 2 The e-tourism concept and e-tourism domains (source: Buhalis, 2003) E-tourism presenting by web, the web is a cost effective means for enterprises in the travel and tourism sector to directly market their offerings to a large customer population across the globe. It is also a very convenient means for the customers to gather information as well as data about the resources, history, social and economic structure of destinations. In this sense certain consumer groups are better equipped to engage in social interaction with locals and use their travel as a educational experience. Research of tourist demand proves that it has become more important for tourists how to spend an unforgettable holiday than where to spend it. Special events have to become a tourist product designed especially for tourists, which is already the case in successful tourist destinations in order to appear different on the market and create or strengthen their image and create a recognizable brand. In such cases the support of web design becomes crucial. (Bevanda, Grzinic Cervar, 2008) In general, tourism and hospitality websites tend to be easy to comprehend with a single level home page. There are different ways in which clients reach the webpage of a tourist facility, like direct access to a certain page, after which one reaches the web page through various advertisements or banners on portals. The picture is one of the most popular to present the product and service because the picture can explain by itself. These are summarized tourism website into two types. One stop service Website developed for use in information, advertising, communication and a system of reserve seats, accommodations and/or transportation. The tourist can find everything in website as one stop service. For example; www.agoda.co.th is online hotel reservation service and providing the lowest available hotel prices in every destination worldwide. www.kaoyai.info is another website that useful for tourist this website specific for who is interesting in Kaoyai and Nakhonratchasima. The website presented the general information, attraction, history, map, restaurant, and accommodation and also booking system for accommodation as well. These websites would help tourist to make a decision easier because the tourist can get the information from text and photo that the owner presented it and then the tourist may decide from these information and reserve it immediately. It is better than other websites that would not have the reservation system on the website because the tourist might change their decision. Advertising Businesses website development should be done with the purpose of providing information only do not have the channel for tourist to make a decision immediately. This website is appropriate with non-profit organization as the government or association such as Tourism Authority of Thailand (www.tourismthailand.org) or Thailand Incentive and Convention (www.tica.or.th). These website shown the general information to guide the tourist make a decision or for tourist knowledge. Moreover blogs and Bulletin boards (www.pantip.com) these are another website that most Thai people like to share their travel experience Advantages and Disadvantages Information technologies have a dramatic impact on the travel industry because they force this sector as a whole to rethink the way in which it organizes its business, its values or norm of behavior and the way in which it educates its workforces (Faulkner, Moscardo Laws, 2001). Tourism is another industry that has the competition intense especially in borderless communication era. Internet is tool condense of world community included businesses and consumers. Most people would use the internet as a communication channel with other people, find the information or do the business. This communication channel is very useful in tourism industry as many business and tourist have interaction in this channel. Marketing is another factor that effected many businesses uses this channel to do marketing with less cost but more efficiency and promote their business as well. This can be a one stop service which can find everything in one place and also comparing quality and price of product as w ell. This is an open source, everyone can access and higher possibility of new customers into the business 24 hours a day. Moreover, the consumers could see the product and service as many times also ask of help immediately by e-mail or call on working hour, it speedily and do not waste time. On the other hand, the internet also has the dark side, it easy to compared price and quality which more competition in the business. The consumer can access the internet at home or everywhere that has signal so they might lazier and forget how to participate like conversation on face to face. On the internet, the business may know the real feedback from their customers. The customer may give the real of not real feedback but how did they know the real feeling without see the face or lesson the voice. In addition, business online has less employee that affected to high unemployed. How tourist behaviors change? Tourist behavior has significantly changed in recent years. Increasing by tourism become much more sophisticated and discovering as they have experienced high levels of service and they enjoy advance of facilities. Tourism become demanding, requesting high quality products and value for both their money and time. Travel reservations are more likely to be made without using a travel agents expertise. The tendency is toward individualism due to the development of new computing techniques and especially through the possibilities of e-business. The technological age is the result of a series of sociocultural changes taking place in advanced societies that parallel postmodernism or post-Fordism (Ioannides Debbage, 1997; Lafferty Van Fossen, 2001; Smeral, 1998). Most people use the internet to search the tourism information and reservation by themselves it seem from internet user in Thailand was increased 12.89 million in 2007 to 16.1 million in 2008 (Nectec, 2009). In hotel industry, th e number of travel customers booked accommodations online in 2007, researched by Tourism International Association (TIA), was 75% which 40% from all leisure and 35% from business travel. We can see that customers, today, prefer to use the internet than book through agencies because of speed, choices and flexibility E-marketing is marketing on the internet, after the world smaller by internet this is the best way to do the marketing it less cost and published quickly. Tourism industry selected this way to promote tourism product to worldwide to increase tourist demand. In fact, it is found that many tourism reliant countries have developed various tourism products such as spas, natural-based resorts, and ecotourism destinations in order to supply the changing tourism demands. In this case, Thailand can be taken as an example. It is found that as a result of a current tourism trend in health-concerned tourism, Thailand has developed many spas and health-based tourism sites to supply the tourists demands (Circle of Asia, 2003). This shows an important of the e-tourism that people around the world can see what Thailand have as well as e-marketing. Moreover, it shows an important role of tourist consumer behavior in developing tourism products. It is possible to say here that understanding tourist c onsumer behavior is very beneficial for developing tourism products in order to supply the tourism demand. How to manage e-tourism? Innovative organization which respond to current and future challenges by designing new processes and adapting to new trends, will take advantage of the emerging opportunities and increase their market share. Corporations need to convert their operations from business functions to business processes, as well as redesign their distribution channels strategy. Even more significantly, this implies changes to long-term planning and strategy. Website is one of the main factors of e-tourism, most visitors to your website need to know and understand your message instantly from the very first page. If not, visitors can leave your site as quickly as they could press a button in their TV remote control. Your site must load quickly and immediately direct your visitors toward your message. Too much information on the opening page of your tourism site can make it appear cluttered and unorganized. As a general rule, keep your message simple and to the point. Moreover, domain name is also important, the name should be easy to remember and relate to your online presence, use your operations name whenever possible. Wed design is involved with customers decision; the graphics can be an important element on a tourism related website. A picture is worth a thousand words, particularly in this industry. Nevertheless, many of the people in your target market will be accessing your site from their computer; their speed connections maybe slow. Thus, the graphics that are too much consuming to download may cause visitors to leave your site before they get a chance to see it. Using your important keywords in your information and in your image tags will improve your ranking in search engines. E-Tourism Trends in Thailand in the next coming year In the future the tourism industrys challenge is to provide increased value for money either through innovation-driven cost reducing changes in production and marketing processes or through product changes providing more varied tourism experiences for quality-conscious and saturated multi-option customer (Weiermair, 2001). Therefore, Thai entrepreneurs have to adapt themselves to the e-tourism environment. First, they have to focus their business to serve niche markets such as trekking tours, eco-tourism, or cultural tourism instead of competing directly with large enterprises for general markets (e.g. air tickets, accommodations, and car rental). Second, they may have to join with large enterprises as subsidiaries to help them handle domestic business or niche products. Third, they must accommodate the special needs of innovative-driven markets such as e-commerce development, customer relationship management, mass customization, product differentiation, and community involvement. Travel agency products are usually sold as packages. Instead of offering only accommodation, they may include flight tickets, transfer fees and sightseeing. But if customers want to buy a package online, they may need to buy separate items and combine them which are not very convenient. These are some of the problems that the experts have noted. The effects of E-Tourism will be felt most seriously by the middlemen which, in this study, are the travel agencies. They need to adapt in order to stay in business. Human resources are also becoming critical for the success of tourism organizations of the future as they will need effective and innovative user of information and communication technology who can lead change in a dynamic and uncertain environment. Conclusion Tourists are defined as persons traveling away from their normal places to other unusual places (Leiper, 2004). Understanding consumer behavior is very useful for developing tourism products. It is also an integral source of information for promoting tourism products and highlights how to sell tourism products particularly in this era, in which the patterns of tourist traveling is highly influenced by global factors such as the mass media (Pembroke, 1996). In short, the study of consumers behavior is solely of not academic interest but it is also substantially beneficial when practicing managers have the need to know and respond to tourists needs and wants correctly.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Analytical Critique of The Godfather Essay -- Movie Film Review Godfat

Analytical Critique of The Godfather   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe the reason that, 'The Godfather', is such a great film is because it lets audiences decide whether they like the characters or not. Too many movies made about organized crime begin with some seemingly random act of violence. 'The Godfather', however, lets it be known from the start to judge the characters in the film based on what type of person they are instead of the criminal activities they may engage in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The film begins with a wedding, and this setting sets the stage for the basic theme of the movie, which is family. ?The Godfather?, isn?t necessarily about organized crime. Crime is merely the family business, and crime is the way in which the author of the novel in which this film is based on used to set up the interactions and conflicts between the members of the Corleone family. In fact, this film could probably work even without the Mafia themes. At heart it is just a movie about the structure of a family from generation to generation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The themes of the film are timeless, but the historical period in which the film takes place is also very significant. As the movie begins, the family?s youngest son has just recently returned from World War II. As the movie progresses, parallels are made between the Corleone family and the rest of the world. The war between the rival families is much like the conflicts between nations during World War II. After Don Corleone is shot in the streets, it?s a wake up cal...